>>from around the globe. It's the Cube covering >>space and cybersecurity. Symposium 2020 hosted by Cal Poly >>Over On Welcome to this Special virtual conference. The Space and Cybersecurity Symposium 2020 put on by Cal Poly with support from the Cube. I'm John for your host and master of ceremonies. Got a great topic today in this session. Really? The intersection of space and cybersecurity. This topic and this conversation is the cybersecurity workforce development through public and private partnerships. And we've got a great lineup. We have Jeff Armstrong's the president of California Polytechnic State University, also known as Cal Poly Jeffrey. Thanks for jumping on and Bang. Go ahead. The second director of C four s R Division. And he's joining us from the office of the Under Secretary of Defense for the acquisition Sustainment Department of Defense, D O D. And, of course, Steve Jake's executive director, founder, National Security Space Association and managing partner at Bello's. Gentlemen, thank you for joining me for this session. We got an hour conversation. Thanks for coming on. >>Thank you. >>So we got a virtual event here. We've got an hour, have a great conversation and love for you guys do? In opening statement on how you see the development through public and private partnerships around cybersecurity in space, Jeff will start with you. >>Well, thanks very much, John. It's great to be on with all of you. Uh, on behalf Cal Poly Welcome, everyone. Educating the workforce of tomorrow is our mission to Cal Poly. Whether that means traditional undergraduates, master students are increasingly mid career professionals looking toe up, skill or re skill. Our signature pedagogy is learn by doing, which means that our graduates arrive at employers ready Day one with practical skills and experience. We have long thought of ourselves is lucky to be on California's beautiful central Coast. But in recent years, as we have developed closer relationships with Vandenberg Air Force Base, hopefully the future permanent headquarters of the United States Space Command with Vandenberg and other regional partners, we have discovered that our location is even more advantages than we thought. We're just 50 miles away from Vandenberg, a little closer than u C. Santa Barbara, and the base represents the southern border of what we have come to think of as the central coast region. Cal Poly and Vandenberg Air force base have partner to support regional economic development to encourage the development of a commercial spaceport toe advocate for the space Command headquarters coming to Vandenberg and other ventures. These partnerships have been possible because because both parties stand to benefit Vandenberg by securing new streams of revenue, workforce and local supply chain and Cal Poly by helping to grow local jobs for graduates, internship opportunities for students, and research and entrepreneurship opportunities for faculty and staff. Crucially, what's good for Vandenberg Air Force Base and for Cal Poly is also good for the Central Coast and the US, creating new head of household jobs, infrastructure and opportunity. Our goal is that these new jobs bring more diversity and sustainability for the region. This regional economic development has taken on a life of its own, spawning a new nonprofit called Reach, which coordinates development efforts from Vandenberg Air Force Base in the South to camp to Camp Roberts in the North. Another factor that is facilitated our relationship with Vandenberg Air Force Base is that we have some of the same friends. For example, Northrop Grumman has has long been an important defense contractor, an important partner to Cal poly funding scholarships and facilities that have allowed us to stay current with technology in it to attract highly qualified students for whom Cal Poly's costs would otherwise be prohibitive. For almost 20 years north of grimness funded scholarships for Cal Poly students this year, their funding 64 scholarships, some directly in our College of Engineering and most through our Cal Poly Scholars program, Cal Poly Scholars, a support both incoming freshman is transfer students. These air especially important because it allows us to provide additional support and opportunities to a group of students who are mostly first generation, low income and underrepresented and who otherwise might not choose to attend Cal Poly. They also allow us to recruit from partner high schools with large populations of underrepresented minority students, including the Fortune High School in Elk Grove, which we developed a deep and lasting connection. We know that the best work is done by balanced teams that include multiple and diverse perspectives. These scholarships help us achieve that goal, and I'm sure you know Northrop Grumman was recently awarded a very large contract to modernized the U. S. I. C B M Armory with some of the work being done at Vandenberg Air Force Base, thus supporting the local economy and protecting protecting our efforts in space requires partnerships in the digital realm. How Polly is partnered with many private companies, such as AWS. Our partnerships with Amazon Web services has enabled us to train our students with next generation cloud engineering skills, in part through our jointly created digital transformation hub. Another partnership example is among Cal Poly's California Cybersecurity Institute, College of Engineering and the California National Guard. This partnership is focused on preparing a cyber ready workforce by providing faculty and students with a hands on research and learning environment, side by side with military, law enforcement professionals and cyber experts. We also have a long standing partnership with PG and E, most recently focused on workforce development and redevelopment. Many of our graduates do indeed go on to careers in aerospace and defense industry as a rough approximation. More than 4500 Cal Poly graduates list aerospace and defense as their employment sector on linked in, and it's not just our engineers and computer sciences. When I was speaking to our fellow Panelists not too long ago, >>are >>speaking to bang, we learned that Rachel sins, one of our liberal arts arts majors, is working in his office. So shout out to you, Rachel. And then finally, of course, some of our graduates sword extraordinary heights such as Commander Victor Glover, who will be heading to the International space station later this year as I close. All of which is to say that we're deeply committed the workforce, development and redevelopment that we understand the value of public private partnerships and that were eager to find new ways in which to benefit everyone from this further cooperation. So we're committed to the region, the state in the nation and our past efforts in space, cybersecurity and links to our partners at as I indicated, aerospace industry and governmental partners provides a unique position for us to move forward in the interface of space and cybersecurity. Thank you so much, John. >>President, I'm sure thank you very much for the comments and congratulations to Cal Poly for being on the forefront of innovation and really taking a unique progressive. You and wanna tip your hat to you guys over there. Thank you very much for those comments. Appreciate it. Bahng. Department of Defense. Exciting you gotta defend the nation spaces Global. Your opening statement. >>Yes, sir. Thanks, John. Appreciate that day. Thank you, everybody. I'm honored to be this panel along with President Armstrong, Cal Poly in my long longtime friend and colleague Steve Jakes of the National Security Space Association, to discuss a very important topic of cybersecurity workforce development, as President Armstrong alluded to, I'll tell you both of these organizations, Cal Poly and the N S. A have done and continue to do an exceptional job at finding talent, recruiting them in training current and future leaders and technical professionals that we vitally need for our nation's growing space programs. A swell Asare collective National security Earlier today, during Session three high, along with my colleague Chris Hansen discussed space, cyber Security and how the space domain is changing the landscape of future conflicts. I discussed the rapid emergence of commercial space with the proliferations of hundreds, if not thousands, of satellites providing a variety of services, including communications allowing for global Internet connectivity. S one example within the O. D. We continue to look at how we can leverage this opportunity. I'll tell you one of the enabling technologies eyes the use of small satellites, which are inherently cheaper and perhaps more flexible than the traditional bigger systems that we have historically used unemployed for the U. D. Certainly not lost on Me is the fact that Cal Poly Pioneer Cube SATs 2020 some years ago, and they set the standard for the use of these systems today. So they saw the valiant benefit gained way ahead of everybody else, it seems, and Cal Poly's focus on training and education is commendable. I especially impressed by the efforts of another of Steve's I colleague, current CEO Mr Bill Britain, with his high energy push to attract the next generation of innovators. Uh, earlier this year, I had planned on participating in this year's Cyber Innovation Challenge. In June works Cal Poly host California Mill and high school students and challenge them with situations to test their cyber knowledge. I tell you, I wish I had that kind of opportunity when I was a kid. Unfortunately, the pandemic change the plan. Why I truly look forward. Thio feature events such as these Thio participating. Now I want to recognize my good friend Steve Jakes, whom I've known for perhaps too long of a time here over two decades or so, who was in acknowledge space expert and personally, I truly applaud him for having the foresight of years back to form the National Security Space Association to help the entire space enterprise navigate through not only technology but Polly policy issues and challenges and paved the way for operational izing space. Space is our newest horrifying domain. That's not a secret anymore. Uh, and while it is a unique area, it shares a lot of common traits with the other domains such as land, air and sea, obviously all of strategically important to the defense of the United States. In conflict they will need to be. They will all be contested and therefore they all need to be defended. One domain alone will not win future conflicts in a joint operation. We must succeed. All to defending space is critical as critical is defending our other operational domains. Funny space is no longer the sanctuary available only to the government. Increasingly, as I discussed in the previous session, commercial space is taking the lead a lot of different areas, including R and D, A so called new space, so cyber security threat is even more demanding and even more challenging. Three US considers and federal access to and freedom to operate in space vital to advancing security, economic prosperity, prosperity and scientific knowledge of the country. That's making cyberspace an inseparable component. America's financial, social government and political life. We stood up US Space force ah, year ago or so as the newest military service is like the other services. Its mission is to organize, train and equip space forces in order to protect us and allied interest in space and to provide space capabilities to the joint force. Imagine combining that US space force with the U. S. Cyber Command to unify the direction of space and cyberspace operation strengthened U D capabilities and integrate and bolster d o d cyber experience. Now, of course, to enable all of this requires had trained and professional cadre of cyber security experts, combining a good mix of policy as well as high technical skill set much like we're seeing in stem, we need to attract more people to this growing field. Now the D. O. D. Is recognized the importance of the cybersecurity workforce, and we have implemented policies to encourage his growth Back in 2013 the deputy secretary of defense signed the D. O d cyberspace workforce strategy to create a comprehensive, well equipped cyber security team to respond to national security concerns. Now this strategy also created a program that encourages collaboration between the D. O. D and private sector employees. We call this the Cyber Information Technology Exchange program or site up. It's an exchange programs, which is very interesting, in which a private sector employees can naturally work for the D. O. D. In a cyber security position that spans across multiple mission critical areas are important to the d. O. D. A key responsibility of cybersecurity community is military leaders on the related threats and cyber security actions we need to have to defeat these threats. We talk about rapid that position, agile business processes and practices to speed up innovation. Likewise, cybersecurity must keep up with this challenge to cyber security. Needs to be right there with the challenges and changes, and this requires exceptional personnel. We need to attract talent investing the people now to grow a robust cybersecurity, workforce, streets, future. I look forward to the panel discussion, John. Thank you. >>Thank you so much bomb for those comments and you know, new challenges and new opportunities and new possibilities and free freedom Operating space. Critical. Thank you for those comments. Looking forward. Toa chatting further. Steve Jakes, executive director of N. S. S. A Europe opening statement. >>Thank you, John. And echoing bangs thanks to Cal Poly for pulling these this important event together and frankly, for allowing the National Security Space Association be a part of it. Likewise, we on behalf the association delighted and honored Thio be on this panel with President Armstrong along with my friend and colleague Bonneau Glue Mahad Something for you all to know about Bomb. He spent the 1st 20 years of his career in the Air Force doing space programs. He then went into industry for several years and then came back into government to serve. Very few people do that. So bang on behalf of the space community, we thank you for your long life long devotion to service to our nation. We really appreciate that and I also echo a bang shot out to that guy Bill Britain, who has been a long time co conspirator of ours for a long time and you're doing great work there in the cyber program at Cal Poly Bill, keep it up. But professor arms trying to keep a close eye on him. Uh, I would like to offer a little extra context to the great comments made by by President Armstrong and bahng. Uh, in our view, the timing of this conference really could not be any better. Um, we all recently reflected again on that tragic 9 11 surprise attack on our homeland. And it's an appropriate time, we think, to take pause while the percentage of you in the audience here weren't even born or babies then For the most of us, it still feels like yesterday. And moreover, a tragedy like 9 11 has taught us a lot to include to be more vigilant, always keep our collective eyes and ears open to include those quote eyes and ears from space, making sure nothing like this ever happens again. So this conference is a key aspect. Protecting our nation requires we work in a cybersecurity environment at all times. But, you know, the fascinating thing about space systems is we can't see him. No, sir, We see Space launches man there's nothing more invigorating than that. But after launch, they become invisible. So what are they really doing up there? What are they doing to enable our quality of life in the United States and in the world? Well, to illustrate, I'd like to paraphrase elements of an article in Forbes magazine by Bonds and my good friend Chuck Beans. Chuck. It's a space guy, actually had Bonds job a fuse in the Pentagon. He is now chairman and chief strategy officer at York Space Systems, and in his spare time he's chairman of the small satellites. Chuck speaks in words that everyone can understand. So I'd like to give you some of his words out of his article. Uh, they're afraid somewhat. So these are Chuck's words. Let's talk about average Joe and playing Jane. Before heading to the airport for a business trip to New York City, Joe checks the weather forecast informed by Noah's weather satellites to see what pack for the trip. He then calls an uber that space app. Everybody uses it matches riders with drivers via GPS to take into the airport, So Joe has lunch of the airport. Unbeknownst to him, his organic lunch is made with the help of precision farming made possible through optimized irrigation and fertilization, with remote spectral sensing coming from space and GPS on the plane, the pilot navigates around weather, aided by GPS and nose weather satellites. And Joe makes his meeting on time to join his New York colleagues in a video call with a key customer in Singapore made possible by telecommunication satellites. Around to his next meeting, Joe receives notice changing the location of the meeting to another to the other side of town. So he calmly tells Syria to adjust the destination, and his satellite guided Google maps redirects him to the new location. That evening, Joe watches the news broadcast via satellite. The report details a meeting among world leaders discussing the developing crisis in Syria. As it turns out, various forms of quote remotely sensed. Information collected from satellites indicate that yet another band, chemical weapon, may have been used on its own people. Before going to bed, Joe decides to call his parents and congratulate them for their wedding anniversary as they cruise across the Atlantic, made possible again by communications satellites and Joe's parents can enjoy the call without even wondering how it happened the next morning. Back home, Joe's wife, Jane, is involved in a car accident. Her vehicle skids off the road. She's knocked unconscious, but because of her satellite equipped on star system, the crash is detected immediately and first responders show up on the scene. In time, Joe receives the news books. An early trip home sends flowers to his wife as he orders another uber to the airport. Over that 24 hours, Joe and Jane used space system applications for nearly every part of their day. Imagine the consequences if at any point they were somehow denied these services, whether they be by natural causes or a foreign hostility. And each of these satellite applications used in this case were initially developed for military purposes and continue to be, but also have remarkable application on our way of life. Just many people just don't know that. So, ladies and gentlemen, now you know, thanks to chuck beans, well, the United States has a proud heritage being the world's leading space faring nation, dating back to the Eisenhower and Kennedy years. Today we have mature and robust systems operating from space, providing overhead reconnaissance to quote, wash and listen, provide missile warning, communications, positioning, navigation and timing from our GPS system. Much of what you heard in Lieutenant General J. T. Thompson earlier speech. These systems are not only integral to our national security, but also our also to our quality of life is Chuck told us. We simply no longer could live without these systems as a nation and for that matter, as a world. But over the years, adversary like adversaries like China, Russia and other countries have come to realize the value of space systems and are aggressively playing ketchup while also pursuing capabilities that will challenge our systems. As many of you know, in 2000 and seven, China demonstrated it's a set system by actually shooting down is one of its own satellites and has been aggressively developing counter space systems to disrupt hours. So in a heavily congested space environment, our systems are now being contested like never before and will continue to bay well as Bond mentioned, the United States has responded to these changing threats. In addition to adding ways to protect our system, the administration and in Congress recently created the United States Space Force and the operational you United States Space Command, the latter of which you heard President Armstrong and other Californians hope is going to be located. Vandenberg Air Force Base Combined with our intelligence community today, we have focused military and civilian leadership now in space. And that's a very, very good thing. Commence, really. On the industry side, we did create the National Security Space Association devoted solely to supporting the national security Space Enterprise. We're based here in the D C area, but we have arms and legs across the country, and we are loaded with extraordinary talent. In scores of Forman, former government executives, So S s a is joined at the hip with our government customers to serve and to support. We're busy with a multitude of activities underway ranging from a number of thought provoking policy. Papers are recurring space time Webcast supporting Congress's Space Power Caucus and other main serious efforts. Check us out at NSS. A space dot org's One of our strategic priorities in central to today's events is to actively promote and nurture the workforce development. Just like cow calling. We will work with our U. S. Government customers, industry leaders and academia to attract and recruit students to join the space world, whether in government or industry and two assistant mentoring and training as their careers. Progress on that point, we're delighted. Be delighted to be working with Cal Poly as we hopefully will undertake a new pilot program with him very soon. So students stay tuned something I can tell you Space is really cool. While our nation's satellite systems are technical and complex, our nation's government and industry work force is highly diverse, with a combination of engineers, physicists, method and mathematicians, but also with a large non technical expertise as well. Think about how government gets things thes systems designed, manufactured, launching into orbit and operating. They do this via contracts with our aerospace industry, requiring talents across the board from cost estimating cost analysis, budgeting, procurement, legal and many other support. Tasker Integral to the mission. Many thousands of people work in the space workforce tens of billions of dollars every year. This is really cool stuff, no matter what your education background, a great career to be part of. When summary as bang had mentioned Aziz, well, there is a great deal of exciting challenges ahead we will see a new renaissance in space in the years ahead, and in some cases it's already begun. Billionaires like Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk, Sir Richard Richard Branson are in the game, stimulating new ideas in business models, other private investors and start up companies. Space companies are now coming in from all angles. The exponential advancement of technology and microelectronics now allows the potential for a plethora of small SAT systems to possibly replace older satellites the size of a Greyhound bus. It's getting better by the day and central to this conference, cybersecurity is paramount to our nation's critical infrastructure in space. So once again, thanks very much, and I look forward to the further conversation. >>Steve, thank you very much. Space is cool. It's relevant. But it's important, as you pointed out, and you're awesome story about how it impacts our life every day. So I really appreciate that great story. I'm glad you took the time Thio share that you forgot the part about the drone coming over in the crime scene and, you know, mapping it out for you. But that would add that to the story later. Great stuff. My first question is let's get into the conversations because I think this is super important. President Armstrong like you to talk about some of the points that was teased out by Bang and Steve. One in particular is the comment around how military research was important in developing all these capabilities, which is impacting all of our lives. Through that story. It was the military research that has enabled a generation and generation of value for consumers. This is kind of this workforce conversation. There are opportunities now with with research and grants, and this is, ah, funding of innovation that it's highly accelerate. It's happening very quickly. Can you comment on how research and the partnerships to get that funding into the universities is critical? >>Yeah, I really appreciate that And appreciate the comments of my colleagues on it really boils down to me to partnerships, public private partnerships. You mentioned Northrop Grumman, but we have partnerships with Lockie Martin, Boeing, Raytheon Space six JPL, also member of organization called Business Higher Education Forum, which brings together university presidents and CEOs of companies. There's been focused on cybersecurity and data science, and I hope that we can spill into cybersecurity in space but those partnerships in the past have really brought a lot forward at Cal Poly Aziz mentioned we've been involved with Cube set. Uh, we've have some secure work and we want to plan to do more of that in the future. Uh, those partnerships are essential not only for getting the r and d done, but also the students, the faculty, whether masters or undergraduate, can be involved with that work. Uh, they get that real life experience, whether it's on campus or virtually now during Covic or at the location with the partner, whether it may be governmental or our industry. Uh, and then they're even better equipped, uh, to hit the ground running. And of course, we'd love to see even more of our students graduate with clearance so that they could do some of that a secure work as well. So these partnerships are absolutely critical, and it's also in the context of trying to bring the best and the brightest and all demographics of California and the US into this field, uh, to really be successful. So these partnerships are essential, and our goal is to grow them just like I know other colleagues and C. S u and the U C are planning to dio, >>you know, just as my age I've seen I grew up in the eighties, in college and during that systems generation and that the generation before me, they really kind of pioneered the space that spawned the computer revolution. I mean, you look at these key inflection points in our lives. They were really funded through these kinds of real deep research. Bond talk about that because, you know, we're living in an age of cloud. And Bezos was mentioned. Elon Musk. Sir Richard Branson. You got new ideas coming in from the outside. You have an accelerated clock now on terms of the innovation cycles, and so you got to react differently. You guys have programs to go outside >>of >>the Defense Department. How important is this? Because the workforce that air in schools and our folks re skilling are out there and you've been on both sides of the table. So share your thoughts. >>No, thanks, John. Thanks for the opportunity responded. And that's what you hit on the notes back in the eighties, R and D in space especially, was dominated by my government funding. Uh, contracts and so on. But things have changed. As Steve pointed out, A lot of these commercial entities funded by billionaires are coming out of the woodwork funding R and D. So they're taking the lead. So what we can do within the deal, the in government is truly take advantage of the work they've done on. Uh, since they're they're, you know, paving the way to new new approaches and new way of doing things. And I think we can We could certainly learn from that. And leverage off of that saves us money from an R and D standpoint while benefiting from from the product that they deliver, you know, within the O D Talking about workforce development Way have prioritized we have policies now to attract and retain talent. We need I I had the folks do some research and and looks like from a cybersecurity workforce standpoint. A recent study done, I think, last year in 2019 found that the cybersecurity workforce gap in the U. S. Is nearing half a million people, even though it is a growing industry. So the pipeline needs to be strengthened off getting people through, you know, starting young and through college, like assess a professor Armstrong indicated, because we're gonna need them to be in place. Uh, you know, in a period of about maybe a decade or so, Uh, on top of that, of course, is the continuing issue we have with the gap with with stamps students, we can't afford not to have expertise in place to support all the things we're doing within the with the not only deal with the but the commercial side as well. Thank you. >>How's the gap? Get? Get filled. I mean, this is the this is again. You got cybersecurity. I mean, with space. It's a whole another kind of surface area, if you will, in early surface area. But it is. It is an I o t. Device if you think about it. But it does have the same challenges. That's kind of current and and progressive with cybersecurity. Where's the gap Get filled, Steve Or President Armstrong? I mean, how do you solve the problem and address this gap in the workforce? What is some solutions and what approaches do we need to put in place? >>Steve, go ahead. I'll follow up. >>Okay. Thanks. I'll let you correct. May, uh, it's a really good question, and it's the way I would. The way I would approach it is to focus on it holistically and to acknowledge it up front. And it comes with our teaching, etcetera across the board and from from an industry perspective, I mean, we see it. We've gotta have secure systems with everything we do and promoting this and getting students at early ages and mentoring them and throwing internships at them. Eyes is so paramount to the whole the whole cycle, and and that's kind of and it really takes focused attention. And we continue to use the word focus from an NSS, a perspective. We know the challenges that are out there. There are such talented people in the workforce on the government side, but not nearly enough of them. And likewise on industry side. We could use Maura's well, but when you get down to it, you know we can connect dots. You know that the the aspect That's a Professor Armstrong talked about earlier toe where you continue to work partnerships as much as you possibly can. We hope to be a part of that. That network at that ecosystem the will of taking common objectives and working together to kind of make these things happen and to bring the power not just of one or two companies, but our our entire membership to help out >>President >>Trump. Yeah, I would. I would also add it again. It's back to partnerships that I talked about earlier. One of our partners is high schools and schools fortune Margaret Fortune, who worked in a couple of, uh, administrations in California across party lines and education. Their fifth graders all visit Cal Poly and visit our learned by doing lab and you, you've got to get students interested in stem at a early age. We also need the partnerships, the scholarships, the financial aid so the students can graduate with minimal to no debt to really hit the ground running. And that's exacerbated and really stress. Now, with this covert induced recession, California supports higher education at a higher rate than most states in the nation. But that is that has dropped this year or reasons. We all understand, uh, due to Kobe, and so our partnerships, our creativity on making sure that we help those that need the most help financially uh, that's really key, because the gaps air huge eyes. My colleagues indicated, you know, half of half a million jobs and you need to look at the the students that are in the pipeline. We've got to enhance that. Uh, it's the in the placement rates are amazing. Once the students get to a place like Cal Poly or some of our other amazing CSU and UC campuses, uh, placement rates are like 94%. >>Many of our >>engineers, they have jobs lined up a year before they graduate. So it's just gonna take key partnerships working together. Uh, and that continued partnership with government, local, of course, our state of CSU on partners like we have here today, both Stephen Bang So partnerships the thing >>e could add, you know, the collaboration with universities one that we, uh, put a lot of emphasis, and it may not be well known fact, but as an example of national security agencies, uh, National Centers of Academic Excellence in Cyber, the Fast works with over 270 colleges and universities across the United States to educate its 45 future cyber first responders as an example, so that Zatz vibrant and healthy and something that we ought Teoh Teik, banjo >>off. Well, I got the brain trust here on this topic. I want to get your thoughts on this one point. I'd like to define what is a public private partnership because the theme that's coming out of the symposium is the script has been flipped. It's a modern error. Things air accelerated get you got security. So you get all these things kind of happen is a modern approach and you're seeing a digital transformation play out all over the world in business. Andi in the public sector. So >>what is what >>is a modern public private partnership? What does it look like today? Because people are learning differently, Covert has pointed out, which was that we're seeing right now. How people the progressions of knowledge and learning truth. It's all changing. How do you guys view the modern version of public private partnership and some some examples and improve points? Can you can you guys share that? We'll start with the Professor Armstrong. >>Yeah. A zai indicated earlier. We've had on guy could give other examples, but Northup Grumman, uh, they helped us with cyber lab. Many years ago. That is maintained, uh, directly the software, the connection outside its its own unit so that students can learn the hack, they can learn to penetrate defenses, and I know that that has already had some considerations of space. But that's a benefit to both parties. So a good public private partnership has benefits to both entities. Uh, in the common factor for universities with a lot of these partnerships is the is the talent, the talent that is, that is needed, what we've been working on for years of the, you know, that undergraduate or master's or PhD programs. But now it's also spilling into Skilling and re Skilling. As you know, Jobs. Uh, you know, folks were in jobs today that didn't exist two years, three years, five years ago. But it also spills into other aspects that can expand even mawr. We're very fortunate. We have land, there's opportunities. We have one tech part project. We're expanding our tech park. I think we'll see opportunities for that, and it'll it'll be adjusted thio, due to the virtual world that we're all learning more and more about it, which we were in before Cove it. But I also think that that person to person is going to be important. Um, I wanna make sure that I'm driving across the bridge. Or or that that satellites being launched by the engineer that's had at least some in person training, uh, to do that and that experience, especially as a first time freshman coming on a campus, getting that experience expanding and as adult. And we're gonna need those public private partnerships in order to continue to fund those at a level that is at the excellence we need for these stem and engineering fields. >>It's interesting People in technology can work together in these partnerships in a new way. Bank Steve Reaction Thio the modern version of what a public, successful private partnership looks like. >>If I could jump in John, I think, you know, historically, Dodi's has have had, ah, high bar thio, uh, to overcome, if you will, in terms of getting rapid pulling in your company. This is the fault, if you will and not rely heavily in are the usual suspects of vendors and like and I think the deal is done a good job over the last couple of years off trying to reduce the burden on working with us. You know, the Air Force. I think they're pioneering this idea around pitch days where companies come in, do a two hour pitch and immediately notified of a wooden award without having to wait a long time. Thio get feedback on on the quality of the product and so on. So I think we're trying to do our best. Thio strengthen that partnership with companies outside the main group of people that we typically use. >>Steve, any reaction? Comment to add? >>Yeah, I would add a couple of these air. Very excellent thoughts. Uh, it zits about taking a little gamble by coming out of your comfort zone. You know, the world that Bond and Bond lives in and I used to live in in the past has been quite structured. It's really about we know what the threat is. We need to go fix it, will design it says we go make it happen, we'll fly it. Um, life is so much more complicated than that. And so it's it's really to me. I mean, you take you take an example of the pitch days of bond talks about I think I think taking a gamble by attempting to just do a lot of pilot programs, uh, work the trust factor between government folks and the industry folks in academia. Because we are all in this together in a lot of ways, for example. I mean, we just sent the paper to the White House of their requests about, you know, what would we do from a workforce development perspective? And we hope Thio embellish on this over time once the the initiative matures. But we have a piece of it, for example, is the thing we call clear for success getting back Thio Uh, President Armstrong's comments at the collegiate level. You know, high, high, high quality folks are in high demand. So why don't we put together a program they grabbed kids in their their underclass years identifies folks that are interested in doing something like this. Get them scholarships. Um, um, I have a job waiting for them that their contract ID for before they graduate, and when they graduate, they walk with S C I clearance. We believe that could be done so, and that's an example of ways in which the public private partnerships can happen to where you now have a talented kid ready to go on Day one. We think those kind of things can happen. It just gets back down to being focused on specific initiatives, give them giving them a chance and run as many pilot programs as you can like these days. >>That's a great point, E. President. >>I just want to jump in and echo both the bank and Steve's comments. But Steve, that you know your point of, you know, our graduates. We consider them ready Day one. Well, they need to be ready Day one and ready to go secure. We totally support that and and love to follow up offline with you on that. That's that's exciting, uh, and needed very much needed mawr of it. Some of it's happening, but way certainly have been thinking a lot about that and making some plans, >>and that's a great example of good Segway. My next question. This kind of reimagining sees work flows, eyes kind of breaking down the old the old way and bringing in kind of a new way accelerated all kind of new things. There are creative ways to address this workforce issue, and this is the next topic. How can we employ new creative solutions? Because, let's face it, you know, it's not the days of get your engineering degree and and go interview for a job and then get slotted in and get the intern. You know the programs you get you particularly through the system. This is this is multiple disciplines. Cybersecurity points at that. You could be smart and math and have, ah, degree in anthropology and even the best cyber talents on the planet. So this is a new new world. What are some creative approaches that >>you know, we're >>in the workforce >>is quite good, John. One of the things I think that za challenge to us is you know, we got somehow we got me working for with the government, sexy, right? The part of the challenge we have is attracting the right right level of skill sets and personnel. But, you know, we're competing oftentimes with the commercial side, the gaming industry as examples of a big deal. And those are the same talents. We need to support a lot of programs we have in the U. D. So somehow we have to do a better job to Steve's point off, making the work within the U. D within the government something that they would be interested early on. So I tracked him early. I kind of talked about Cal Poly's, uh, challenge program that they were gonna have in June inviting high school kid. We're excited about the whole idea of space and cyber security, and so on those air something. So I think we have to do it. Continue to do what were the course the next several years. >>Awesome. Any other creative approaches that you guys see working or might be on idea, or just a kind of stoked the ideation out their internship. So obviously internships are known, but like there's gotta be new ways. >>I think you can take what Steve was talking about earlier getting students in high school, uh, and aligning them sometimes. Uh, that intern first internship, not just between the freshman sophomore year, but before they inter cal poly per se. And they're they're involved s So I think that's, uh, absolutely key. Getting them involved many other ways. Um, we have an example of of up Skilling a redeveloped work redevelopment here in the Central Coast. PG and e Diablo nuclear plant as going to decommission in around 2020 24. And so we have a ongoing partnership toe work on reposition those employees for for the future. So that's, you know, engineering and beyond. Uh, but think about that just in the manner that you were talking about. So the up skilling and re Skilling uh, on I think that's where you know, we were talking about that Purdue University. Other California universities have been dealing with online programs before cove it and now with co vid uh, so many more faculty or were pushed into that area. There's going to be much more going and talk about workforce development and up Skilling and Re Skilling The amount of training and education of our faculty across the country, uh, in in virtual, uh, and delivery has been huge. So there's always a silver linings in the cloud. >>I want to get your guys thoughts on one final question as we in the in the segment. And we've seen on the commercial side with cloud computing on these highly accelerated environments where you know, SAS business model subscription. That's on the business side. But >>one of The >>things that's clear in this trend is technology, and people work together and technology augments the people components. So I'd love to get your thoughts as we look at the world now we're living in co vid um, Cal Poly. You guys have remote learning Right now. It's a infancy. It's a whole new disruption, if you will, but also an opportunity to enable new ways to collaborate, Right? So if you look at people and technology, can you guys share your view and vision on how communities can be developed? How these digital technologies and people can work together faster to get to the truth or make a discovery higher to build the workforce? These air opportunities? How do you guys view this new digital transformation? >>Well, I think there's there's a huge opportunities and just what we're doing with this symposium. We're filming this on one day, and it's going to stream live, and then the three of us, the four of us, can participate and chat with participants while it's going on. That's amazing. And I appreciate you, John, you bringing that to this this symposium, I think there's more and more that we can do from a Cal poly perspective with our pedagogy. So you know, linked to learn by doing in person will always be important to us. But we see virtual. We see partnerships like this can expand and enhance our ability and minimize the in person time, decrease the time to degree enhanced graduation rate, eliminate opportunity gaps or students that don't have the same advantages. S so I think the technological aspect of this is tremendous. Then on the up Skilling and Re Skilling, where employees air all over, they can be reached virtually then maybe they come to a location or really advanced technology allows them to get hands on virtually, or they come to that location and get it in a hybrid format. Eso I'm I'm very excited about the future and what we can do, and it's gonna be different with every university with every partnership. It's one. Size does not fit all. >>It's so many possibilities. Bond. I could almost imagine a social network that has a verified, you know, secure clearance. I can jump in, have a little cloak of secrecy and collaborate with the d o. D. Possibly in the future. But >>these are the >>kind of kind of crazy ideas that are needed. Are your thoughts on this whole digital transformation cross policy? >>I think technology is gonna be revolutionary here, John. You know, we're focusing lately on what we call digital engineering to quicken the pace off, delivering capability to warfighter. As an example, I think a I machine language all that's gonna have a major play and how we operate in the future. We're embracing five G technologies writing ability Thio zero latency or I o t More automation off the supply chain. That sort of thing, I think, uh, the future ahead of us is is very encouraging. Thing is gonna do a lot for for national defense on certainly the security of the country. >>Steve, your final thoughts. Space systems are systems, and they're connected to other systems that are connected to people. Your thoughts on this digital transformation opportunity >>Such a great question in such a fun, great challenge ahead of us. Um echoing are my colleague's sentiments. I would add to it. You know, a lot of this has I think we should do some focusing on campaigning so that people can feel comfortable to include the Congress to do things a little bit differently. Um, you know, we're not attuned to doing things fast. Uh, but the dramatic You know, the way technology is just going like crazy right now. I think it ties back Thio hoping Thio, convince some of our senior leaders on what I call both sides of the Potomac River that it's worth taking these gamble. We do need to take some of these things very way. And I'm very confident, confident and excited and comfortable. They're just gonna be a great time ahead and all for the better. >>You know, e talk about D. C. Because I'm not a lawyer, and I'm not a political person, but I always say less lawyers, more techies in Congress and Senate. So I was getting job when I say that. Sorry. Presidential. Go ahead. >>Yeah, I know. Just one other point. Uh, and and Steve's alluded to this in bonded as well. I mean, we've got to be less risk averse in these partnerships. That doesn't mean reckless, but we have to be less risk averse. And I would also I have a zoo. You talk about technology. I have to reflect on something that happened in, uh, you both talked a bit about Bill Britton and his impact on Cal Poly and what we're doing. But we were faced a few years ago of replacing a traditional data a data warehouse, data storage data center, and we partner with a W S. And thank goodness we had that in progress on it enhanced our bandwidth on our campus before Cove. It hit on with this partnership with the digital transformation hub. So there is a great example where, uh, we we had that going. That's not something we could have started. Oh, covitz hit. Let's flip that switch. And so we have to be proactive on. We also have thio not be risk averse and do some things differently. Eyes that that is really salvage the experience for for students. Right now, as things are flowing, well, we only have about 12% of our courses in person. Uh, those essential courses, uh, and just grateful for those partnerships that have talked about today. >>Yeah, and it's a shining example of how being agile, continuous operations, these air themes that expand into space and the next workforce needs to be built. Gentlemen, thank you. very much for sharing your insights. I know. Bang, You're gonna go into the defense side of space and your other sessions. Thank you, gentlemen, for your time for great session. Appreciate it. >>Thank you. Thank you. >>Thank you. >>Thank you. Thank you. Thank you all. >>I'm John Furry with the Cube here in Palo Alto, California Covering and hosting with Cal Poly The Space and Cybersecurity Symposium 2020. Thanks for watching.

>> Announcer: From around the globe, it's The Cube, covering Space and Cybersecurity Symposium 2020, hosted by Cal Poly. >> Everyone, welcome to this special virtual conference, the Space and Cybersecurity Symposium 2020 put on by Cal Poly with support from The Cube. I'm John Furey, your host and master of ceremony's got a great topic today, and this session is really the intersection of space and cybersecurity. This topic, and this conversation is a cybersecurity workforce development through public and private partnerships. And we've got a great lineup, we've Jeff Armstrong is the president of California Polytechnic State University, also known as Cal Poly. Jeffrey, thanks for jumping on and Bong Gumahad. The second, Director of C4ISR Division, and he's joining us from the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for the acquisition and sustainment of Department of Defense, DOD, and of course Steve Jacques is Executive Director, founder National Security Space Association, and managing partner at Velos. Gentlemen, thank you for joining me for this session, we've got an hour of conversation, thanks for coming on. >> Thank you. >> So we've got a virtual event here, we've got an hour to have a great conversation, I'd love for you guys to do an opening statement on how you see the development through public and private partnerships around cybersecurity and space, Jeff, we'll start with you. >> Well, thanks very much, John, it's great to be on with all of you. On behalf of Cal Poly, welcome everyone. Educating the workforce of tomorrow is our mission at Cal Poly, whether that means traditional undergraduates, masters students, or increasingly, mid-career professionals looking to upskill or re-skill. Our signature pedagogy is learn by doing, which means that our graduates arrive at employers, ready day one with practical skills and experience. We have long thought of ourselves as lucky to be on California's beautiful central coast, but in recent years, as we've developed closer relationships with Vandenberg Air Force Base, hopefully the future permanent headquarters of the United States Space Command with Vandenberg and other regional partners, We have discovered that our location is even more advantageous than we thought. We're just 50 miles away from Vandenberg, a little closer than UC Santa Barbara and the base represents the Southern border of what we have come to think of as the central coast region. Cal Poly and Vandenberg Air Force Base have partnered to support regional economic development, to encourage the development of a commercial space port, to advocate for the space command headquarters coming to Vandenberg and other ventures. These partnerships have been possible because both parties stand to benefit. Vandenberg, by securing new streams of revenue, workforce, and local supply chain and Cal Poly by helping to grow local jobs for graduates, internship opportunities for students and research and entrepreneurship opportunities for faculty and staff. Crucially, what's good for Vandenberg Air Force Base and for Cal Poly is also good for the central coast and the U.S., creating new head of household jobs, infrastructure, and opportunity. Our goal is that these new jobs bring more diversity and sustainability for the region. This regional economic development has taken on a life of its own, spawning a new nonprofit called REACH which coordinates development efforts from Vandenberg Air Force Base in the South to Camp Roberts in the North. Another factor that has facilitated our relationship with Vandenberg Air Force Base is that we have some of the same friends. For example, Northrop Grumman has as long been an important defense contractor and an important partner to Cal Poly, funding scholarships in facilities that have allowed us to stay current with technology in it to attract highly qualified students for whom Cal Poly's costs would otherwise be prohibitive. For almost 20 years, Northrop Grumman has funded scholarships for Cal Poly students. This year, they're funding 64 scholarships, some directly in our College of Engineering and most through our Cal Poly Scholars Program. Cal Poly scholars support both incoming freshmen and transfer students. These are especially important, 'cause it allows us to provide additional support and opportunities to a group of students who are mostly first generation, low income and underrepresented, and who otherwise might not choose to attend Cal Poly. They also allow us to recruit from partner high schools with large populations of underrepresented minority students, including the Fortune High School in Elk Grove, which we developed a deep and lasting connection. We know that the best work is done by balanced teams that include multiple and diverse perspectives. These scholarships help us achieve that goal and I'm sure you know Northrop Grumman was recently awarded a very large contract to modernize the U.S. ICBM armory with some of the work being done at Vandenberg Air Force Base, thus supporting the local economy and protecting... Protecting our efforts in space requires partnerships in the digital realm. Cal Poly has partnered with many private companies such as AWS. Our partnerships with Amazon Web Services has enabled us to train our students with next generation cloud engineering skills, in part, through our jointly created digital transformation hub. Another partnership example is among Cal Poly's California Cyber Security Institute College of Engineering and the California National Guard. This partnership is focused on preparing a cyber-ready workforce, by providing faculty and students with a hands on research and learning environment side by side with military law enforcement professionals and cyber experts. We also have a long standing partnership with PG&E most recently focused on workforce development and redevelopment. Many of our graduates do indeed go on to careers in aerospace and defense industry. As a rough approximation, more than 4,500 Cal Poly graduates list aerospace or defense as their employment sector on LinkedIn. And it's not just our engineers in computer sciences. When I was speaking to our fellow panelists not too long ago, speaking to Bong, we learned that Rachel Sims, one of our liberal arts majors is working in his office, so shout out to you, Rachel. And then finally, of course, some of our graduates soar to extraordinary heights, such as Commander Victor Glover, who will be heading to the International Space Station later this year. As I close, all of which is to say that we're deeply committed to workforce development and redevelopment, that we understand the value of public-private partnerships, and that we're eager to find new ways in which to benefit everyone from this further cooperation. So we're committed to the region, the state and the nation, in our past efforts in space, cyber security and links to our partners at, as I indicated, aerospace industry and governmental partners provides a unique position for us to move forward in the interface of space and cyber security. Thank you so much, John. >> President Armstrong, thank you very much for the comments and congratulations to Cal Poly for being on the forefront of innovation and really taking a unique, progressive view and want to tip a hat to you guys over there, thank you very much for those comments, appreciate it. Bong, Department of Defense. Exciting, you've got to defend the nation, space is global, your opening statement. >> Yes, sir, thanks John, appreciate that. Thank you everybody, I'm honored to be in this panel along with Preston Armstrong of Cal Poly and my longtime friend and colleague Steve Jacques of the National Security Space Association to discuss a very important topic of a cybersecurity workforce development as President Armstrong alluded to. I'll tell you, both of these organizations, Cal Poly and the NSSA have done and continue to do an exceptional job at finding talent, recruiting them and training current and future leaders and technical professionals that we vitally need for our nation's growing space programs, as well as our collective national security. Earlier today, during session three, I, along with my colleague, Chris Samson discussed space cyber security and how the space domain is changing the landscape of future conflicts. I discussed the rapid emergence of commercial space with the proliferation of hundreds, if not thousands of satellites, providing a variety of services including communications, allowing for global internet connectivity, as one example. Within DOD, we continued to look at how we can leverage this opportunity. I'll tell you, one of the enabling technologies, is the use of small satellites, which are inherently cheaper and perhaps more flexible than the traditional bigger systems that we have historically used and employed for DOD. Certainly not lost on me is the fact that Cal Poly pioneered CubeSats 28, 27 years ago, and they set a standard for the use of these systems today. So they saw the value and benefit gained way ahead of everybody else it seems. And Cal Poly's focus on training and education is commendable. I'm especially impressed by the efforts of another of Steven's colleague, the current CIO, Mr. Bill Britton, with his high energy push to attract the next generation of innovators. Earlier this year, I had planned on participating in this year's cyber innovation challenge in June, Oops, Cal Poly hosts California middle, and high school students, and challenge them with situations to test their cyber knowledge. I tell you, I wish I had that kind of opportunity when I was a kid, unfortunately, the pandemic changed the plan, but I truly look forward to future events such as these, to participate in. Now, I want to recognize my good friend, Steve Jacques, whom I've known for perhaps too long of a time here, over two decades or so, who was an acknowledged space expert and personally I've truly applaud him for having the foresight a few years back to form the National Security Space Association to help the entire space enterprise navigate through not only technology, but policy issues and challenges and paved the way for operationalizing space. Space, it certainly was fortifying domain, it's not a secret anymore, and while it is a unique area, it shares a lot of common traits with the other domains, such as land, air, and sea, obviously all are strategically important to the defense of the United States. In conflict, they will all be contested and therefore they all need to be defended. One domain alone will not win future conflicts, and in a joint operation, we must succeed in all. So defending space is critical, as critical as to defending our other operational domains. Funny, space is the only sanctuary available only to the government. Increasingly as I discussed in a previous session, commercial space is taking the lead in a lot of different areas, including R&D, the so-called new space. So cybersecurity threat is even more demanding and even more challenging. The U.S. considers and futhered access to and freedom to operate in space, vital to advancing security, economic prosperity and scientific knowledge of the country, thus making cyberspace an inseparable component of America's financial, social government and political life. We stood up US Space Force a year ago or so as the newest military service. Like the other services, its mission is to organize, train and equip space forces in order to protect U.S. and allied interest in space and to provide spacecape builders who joined force. Imagine combining that U.S. Space Force with the U.S. Cyber Command to unify the direction of the space and cyberspace operation, strengthen DOD capabilities and integrate and bolster a DOD cyber experience. Now, of course, to enable all of this requires a trained and professional cadre of cyber security experts, combining a good mix of policy, as well as a high technical skill set. Much like we're seeing in STEM, we need to attract more people to this growing field. Now, the DOD has recognized the importance to the cybersecurity workforce, and we have implemented policies to encourage its growth. Back in 2013, the Deputy Secretary of Defense signed a DOD Cyberspace Workforce Strategy, to create a comprehensive, well-equipped cyber security team to respond to national security concerns. Now, this strategy also created a program that encourages collaboration between the DOD and private sector employees. We call this the Cyber Information Technology Exchange program, or CITE that it's an exchange program, which is very interesting in which a private sector employee can naturally work for the DOD in a cyber security position that spans across multiple mission critical areas, important to the DOD. A key responsibility of the cyber security community is military leaders, unrelated threats, and the cyber security actions we need to have to defeat these threats. We talked about rapid acquisition, agile business processes and practices to speed up innovation, likewise, cyber security must keep up with this challenge. So cyber security needs to be right there with the challenges and changes, and this requires exceptional personnel. We need to attract talent, invest in the people now to grow a robust cybersecurity workforce for the future. I look forward to the panel discussion, John, thank you. >> Thank you so much, Bob for those comments and, you know, new challenges or new opportunities and new possibilities and freedom to operate in space is critical, thank you for those comments, looking forward to chatting further. Steve Jacques, Executive Director of NSSA, you're up, opening statement. >> Thank you, John and echoing Bongs, thanks to Cal Poly for pulling this important event together and frankly, for allowing the National Security Space Association be a part of it. Likewise, on behalf of the association, I'm delighted and honored to be on this panel of President Armstrong, along with my friend and colleague, Bong Gumahad. Something for you all to know about Bong, he spent the first 20 years of his career in the Air Force doing space programs. He then went into industry for several years and then came back into government to serve, very few people do that. So Bong, on behalf of the space community, we thank you for your lifelong devotion to service to our nation, we really appreciate that. And I also echo a Bong shout out to that guy, Bill Britton. who's been a long time co-conspirator of ours for a long time, and you're doing great work there in the cyber program at Cal Poly, Bill, keep it up. But Professor Armstrong, keep a close eye on him. (laughter) I would like to offer a little extra context to the great comments made by President Armstrong and Bong. And in our view, the timing of this conference really could not be any better. We all recently reflected again on that tragic 9/11 surprise attack on our homeland and it's an appropriate time we think to take pause. While a percentage of you in the audience here weren't even born or were babies then, for the most of us, it still feels like yesterday. And moreover, a tragedy like 9/11 has taught us a lot to include, to be more vigilant, always keep our collective eyes and ears open, to include those "eyes and ears from space," making sure nothing like this ever happens again. So this conference is a key aspect, protecting our nation requires we work in a cyber secure environment at all times. But you know, the fascinating thing about space systems is we can't see 'em. Now sure, we see space launches, man, there's nothing more invigorating than that. But after launch they become invisible, so what are they really doing up there? What are they doing to enable our quality of life in the United States and in the world? Well to illustrate, I'd like to paraphrase elements of an article in Forbes magazine, by Bongs and my good friend, Chuck Beames, Chuck is a space guy, actually had Bongs job a few years in the Pentagon. He's now Chairman and Chief Strategy Officer at York Space Systems and in his spare time, he's Chairman of the Small Satellites. Chuck speaks in words that everyone can understand, so I'd like to give you some of his words out of his article, paraphrase somewhat, so these are Chuck's words. "Let's talk about average Joe and plain Jane. "Before heading to the airport for a business trip "to New York city, Joe checks the weather forecast, "informed by NOAA's weather satellites, "to see what to pack for the trip. "He then calls an Uber, that space app everybody uses, "it matches riders with drivers via GPS, "to take him to the airport. "So Joe has launched in the airport, "unbeknownst to him, his organic lunch is made "with the help of precision farming "made possible to optimize the irrigation and fertilization "with remote spectral sensing coming from space and GPS. "On the plane, the pilot navigates around weather, "aided by GPS and NOAA's weather satellites "and Joe makes his meeting on time "to join his New York colleagues in a video call "with a key customer in Singapore, "made possible by telecommunication satellites. "En route to his next meeting, "Joe receives notice changing the location of the meeting "to the other side of town. "So he calmly tells Siri to adjust the destination "and his satellite-guided Google maps redirect him "to the new location. "That evening, Joe watches the news broadcast via satellite, "report details of meeting among world leaders, "discussing the developing crisis in Syria. "As it turns out various forms of "'remotely sensed information' collected from satellites "indicate that yet another banned chemical weapon "may have been used on its own people. "Before going to bed, Joe decides to call his parents "and congratulate them for their wedding anniversary "as they cruise across the Atlantic, "made possible again by communication satellites "and Joe's parents can enjoy the call "without even wondering how it happened. "The next morning back home, "Joe's wife, Jane is involved in a car accident. "Her vehicle skids off the road, she's knocked unconscious, "but because of her satellite equipped OnStar system, "the crash is detected immediately, "and first responders show up on the scene in time. "Joe receives the news, books an early trip home, "sends flowers to his wife "as he orders another Uber to the airport. "Over that 24 hours, "Joe and Jane used space system applications "for nearly every part of their day. "Imagine the consequences if at any point "they were somehow denied these services, "whether they be by natural causes or a foreign hostility. "In each of these satellite applications used in this case, "were initially developed for military purposes "and continued to be, but also have remarkable application "on our way of life, just many people just don't know that." So ladies and gentlemen, now you know, thanks to Chuck Beames. Well, the United States has a proud heritage of being the world's leading space-faring nation. Dating back to the Eisenhower and Kennedy years, today, we have mature and robust systems operating from space, providing overhead reconnaissance to "watch and listen," provide missile warning, communications, positioning, navigation, and timing from our GPS system, much of which you heard in Lieutenant General JT Thomson's earlier speech. These systems are not only integral to our national security, but also to our quality of life. As Chuck told us, we simply no longer can live without these systems as a nation and for that matter, as a world. But over the years, adversaries like China, Russia and other countries have come to realize the value of space systems and are aggressively playing catch up while also pursuing capabilities that will challenge our systems. As many of you know, in 2007, China demonstrated its ASAT system by actually shooting down one of its own satellites and has been aggressively developing counterspace systems to disrupt ours. So in a heavily congested space environment, our systems are now being contested like never before and will continue to be. Well, as a Bong mentioned, the United States have responded to these changing threats. In addition to adding ways to protect our system, the administration and the Congress recently created the United States Space Force and the operational United States Space Command, the latter of which you heard President Armstrong and other Californians hope is going to be located at Vandenberg Air Force Base. Combined with our intelligence community, today we have focused military and civilian leadership now in space, and that's a very, very good thing. Commensurately on the industry side, we did create the National Security Space Association, devoted solely to supporting the National Security Space Enterprise. We're based here in the DC area, but we have arms and legs across the country and we are loaded with extraordinary talent in scores of former government executives. So NSSA is joined at the hip with our government customers to serve and to support. We're busy with a multitude of activities underway, ranging from a number of thought-provoking policy papers, our recurring spacetime webcasts, supporting Congress's space power caucus, and other main serious efforts. Check us out at nssaspace.org. One of our strategic priorities and central to today's events is to actively promote and nurture the workforce development, just like Cal-Poly. We will work with our U.S. government customers, industry leaders, and academia to attract and recruit students to join the space world, whether in government or industry, and to assist in mentoring and training as their careers progress. On that point, we're delighted to be working with Cal Poly as we hopefully will undertake a new pilot program with them very soon. So students stay tuned, something I can tell you, space is really cool. While our nation's satellite systems are technical and complex, our nation's government and industry workforce is highly diverse, with a combination of engineers, physicists and mathematicians, but also with a large non-technical expertise as well. Think about how government gets these systems designed, manufactured, launching into orbit and operating. They do this via contracts with our aerospace industry, requiring talents across the board, from cost estimating, cost analysis, budgeting, procurement, legal, and many other support tasks that are integral to the mission. Many thousands of people work in the space workforce, tens of billions of dollars every year. This is really cool stuff and no matter what your education background, a great career to be part of. In summary, as Bong had mentioned as well, there's a great deal of exciting challenges ahead. We will see a new renaissance in space in the years ahead and in some cases it's already begun. Billionaires like Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk, Sir Richard Branson, are in the game, stimulating new ideas and business models. Other private investors and startup companies, space companies are now coming in from all angles. The exponential advancement of technology and micro electronics now allows a potential for a plethora of small sat systems to possibly replace older satellites, the size of a Greyhound bus. It's getting better by the day and central to this conference, cybersecurity is paramount to our nation's critical infrastructure in space. So once again, thanks very much and I look forward to the further conversation. >> Steve, thank you very much. Space is cool, it's relevant, but it's important as you pointed out in your awesome story about how it impacts our life every day so I really appreciate that great story I'm glad you took the time to share that. You forgot the part about the drone coming over in the crime scene and, you know, mapping it out for you, but we'll add that to the story later, great stuff. My first question is, let's get into the conversations, because I think this is super important. President Armstrong, I'd like you to talk about some of the points that was teased out by Bong and Steve. One in particular is the comment around how military research was important in developing all these capabilities, which is impacting all of our lives through that story. It was the military research that has enabled a generation and generation of value for consumers. This is kind of this workforce conversation, there are opportunities now with research and grants, and this is a funding of innovation that is highly accelerated, it's happening very quickly. Can you comment on how research and the partnerships to get that funding into the universities is critical? >> Yeah, I really appreciate that and appreciate the comments of my colleagues. And it really boils down to me to partnerships, public-private partnerships, you have mentioned Northrop Grumman, but we have partnerships with Lockheed Martin, Boeing, Raytheon, Space X, JPL, also member of an organization called Business Higher Education Forum, which brings together university presidents and CEOs of companies. There's been focused on cybersecurity and data science and I hope that we can spill into cybersecurity and space. But those partnerships in the past have really brought a lot forward. At Cal Poly, as mentioned, we've been involved with CubeSat, we've have some secure work, and we want to plan to do more of that in the future. Those partnerships are essential, not only for getting the R&D done, but also the students, the faculty, whether they're master's or undergraduate can be involved with that work, they get that real life experience, whether it's on campus or virtually now during COVID or at the location with the partner, whether it may be governmental or industry, and then they're even better equipped to hit the ground running. And of course we'd love to see more of our students graduate with clearance so that they could do some of that secure work as well. So these partnerships are absolutely critical and it's also in the context of trying to bring the best and the brightest in all demographics of California and the U.S. into this field, to really be successful. So these partnerships are essential and our goal is to grow them just like I know our other colleagues in the CSU and the UC are planning to do. >> You know, just as my age I've seen, I grew up in the eighties and in college and they're in that system's generation and the generation before me, they really kind of pioneered the space that spawned the computer revolution. I mean, you look at these key inflection points in our lives, they were really funded through these kinds of real deep research. Bong, talk about that because, you know, we're living in an age of cloud and Bezos was mentioned, Elon Musk, Sir Richard Branson, you got new ideas coming in from the outside, you have an accelerated clock now in terms of the innovation cycles and so you got to react differently, you guys have programs to go outside of the defense department, how important is this because the workforce that are in schools and/or folks re-skilling are out there and you've been on both sides of the table, so share your thoughts. >> No, thanks Johnny, thanks for the opportunity to respond to, and that's what, you know, you hit on the nose back in the 80's, R&D and space especially was dominated by government funding, contracts and so on, but things have changed as Steve pointed out, allow these commercial entities funded by billionaires are coming out of the woodwork, funding R&D so they're taking the lead, so what we can do within the DOD in government is truly take advantage of the work they've done. And since they're, you know, paving the way to new approaches and new way of doing things and I think we can certainly learn from that and leverage off of that, saves us money from an R&D standpoint, while benefiting from the product that they deliver. You know, within DOD, talking about workforce development, you know, we have prioritized and we have policies now to attract and retain the talent we need. I had the folks do some research and it looks like from a cybersecurity or workforce standpoint, a recent study done, I think last year in 2019, found that the cyber security workforce gap in U.S. is nearing half a million people, even though it is a growing industry. So the pipeline needs to be strengthened, getting people through, you know, starting young and through college, like Professor Armstrong indicated because we're going to need them to be in place, you know, in a period of about maybe a decade or so. On top of that, of course, is the continuing issue we have with the gap with STEM students. We can't afford not have expertise in place to support all the things we're doing within DoD, not only DoD but the commercial side as well, thank you. >> How's the gap get filled, I mean, this is, again, you've got cybersecurity, I mean, with space it's a whole other kind of surface area if you will, it's not really surface area, but it is an IOT device if you think about it, but it does have the same challenges, that's kind of current and progressive with cybersecurity. Where's the gap get filled, Steve or President Armstrong, I mean, how do you solve the problem and address this gap in the workforce? What are some solutions and what approaches do we need to put in place? >> Steve, go ahead., I'll follow up. >> Okay, thanks, I'll let you correct me. (laughter) It's a really good question, and the way I would approach it is to focus on it holistically and to acknowledge it upfront and it comes with our teaching, et cetera, across the board. And from an industry perspective, I mean, we see it, we've got to have secure systems in everything we do, and promoting this and getting students at early ages and mentoring them and throwing internships at them is so paramount to the whole cycle. And that's kind of, it really takes a focused attention and we continue to use the word focus from an NSSA perspective. We know the challenges that are out there. There are such talented people in the workforce, on the government side, but not nearly enough of them and likewise on the industry side, we could use more as well, but when you get down to it, you know, we can connect dots, you know, the aspects that Professor Armstrong talked about earlier to where you continue to work partnerships as much as you possibly can. We hope to be a part of that network, that ecosystem if you will, of taking common objectives and working together to kind of make these things happen and to bring the power, not just of one or two companies, but of our entire membership thereabout. >> President Armstrong-- >> Yeah, I would also add it again, it's back to the partnerships that I talked about earlier, one of our partners is high schools and schools Fortune, Margaret Fortune, who worked in a couple of administrations in California across party lines and education, their fifth graders all visit Cal Poly, and visit our learned-by-doing lab. And you've got to get students interested in STEM at an early age. We also need the partnerships, the scholarships, the financial aid, so the students can graduate with minimal to no debt to really hit the ground running and that's exacerbated and really stress now with this COVID induced recession. California supports higher education at a higher rate than most states in the nation, but that has brought this year for reasons all understand due to COVID. And so our partnerships, our creativity, and making sure that we help those that need the most help financially, that's really key because the gaps are huge. As my colleagues indicated, you know, half a million jobs and I need you to look at the students that are in the pipeline, we've got to enhance that. And the placement rates are amazing once the students get to a place like Cal Poly or some of our other amazing CSU and UC campuses, placement rates are like 94%. Many of our engineers, they have jobs lined up a year before they graduate. So it's just going to take a key partnerships working together and that continued partnership with government local, of course, our state, the CSU, and partners like we have here today, both Steve and Bong so partnerships is the thing. >> You know, that's a great point-- >> I could add, >> Okay go ahead. >> All right, you know, the collaboration with universities is one that we put on lot of emphasis here, and it may not be well known fact, but just an example of national security, the AUC is a national centers of academic excellence in cyber defense works with over 270 colleges and universities across the United States to educate and certify future cyber first responders as an example. So that's vibrant and healthy and something that we ought to take advantage of. >> Well, I got the brain trust here on this topic. I want to get your thoughts on this one point, 'cause I'd like to define, you know, what is a public-private partnership because the theme that's coming out of the symposium is the script has been flipped, it's a modern era, things are accelerated, you've got security, so you've got all of these things kind of happenning it's a modern approach and you're seeing a digital transformation play out all over the world in business and in the public sector. So what is a modern public-private partnership and what does it look like today because people are learning differently. COVID has pointed out, which is that we're seeing right now, how people, the progressions of knowledge and learning, truth, it's all changing. How do you guys view the modern version of public-private partnership and some examples and some proof points, can you guys share that? We'll start with you, Professor Armstrong. >> Yeah, as I indicated earlier, we've had, and I could give other examples, but Northrop Grumman, they helped us with a cyber lab many years ago that is maintained directly, the software, the connection outside it's its own unit so the students can learn to hack, they can learn to penetrate defenses and I know that that has already had some considerations of space, but that's a benefit to both parties. So a good public-private partnership has benefits to both entities and the common factor for universities with a lot of these partnerships is the talent. The talent that is needed, what we've been working on for years of, you know, the undergraduate or master's or PhD programs, but now it's also spilling into upskilling and reskilling, as jobs, you know, folks who are in jobs today that didn't exist two years, three years, five years ago, but it also spills into other aspects that can expand even more. We're very fortunate we have land, there's opportunities, we have ONE Tech project. We are expanding our tech park, I think we'll see opportunities for that and it'll be adjusted due to the virtual world that we're all learning more and more about it, which we were in before COVID. But I also think that that person to person is going to be important, I want to make sure that I'm driving across a bridge or that satellite's being launched by the engineer that's had at least some in person training to do that in that experience, especially as a first time freshman coming on campus, getting that experience, expanding it as an adult, and we're going to need those public-private partnerships in order to continue to fund those at a level that is at the excellence we need for these STEM and engineering fields. >> It's interesting people and technology can work together and these partnerships are the new way. Bongs too with reaction to the modern version of what a public successful private partnership looks like. >> If I could jump in John, I think, you know, historically DOD's had a high bar to overcome if you will, in terms of getting rapid... pulling in new companies, miss the fall if you will, and not rely heavily on the usual suspects, of vendors and the like, and I think the DOD has done a good job over the last couple of years of trying to reduce that burden and working with us, you know, the Air Force, I think they're pioneering this idea around pitch days, where companies come in, do a two-hour pitch and immediately notified of, you know, of an a award, without having to wait a long time to get feedback on the quality of the product and so on. So I think we're trying to do our best to strengthen that partnership with companies outside of the main group of people that we typically use. >> Steve, any reaction, any comment to add? >> Yeah, I would add a couple and these are very excellent thoughts. It's about taking a little gamble by coming out of your comfort zone, you know, the world that Bong and I, Bong lives in and I used to live in the past, has been quite structured. It's really about, we know what the threat is, we need to go fix it, we'll design as if as we go make it happen, we'll fly it. Life is so much more complicated than that and so it's really, to me, I mean, you take an example of the pitch days of Bong talks about, I think taking a gamble by attempting to just do a lot of pilot programs, work the trust factor between government folks and the industry folks and academia, because we are all in this together in a lot of ways. For example, I mean, we just sent a paper to the white house at their request about, you know, what would we do from a workforce development perspective and we hope to embellish on this over time once the initiative matures, but we have a piece of it for example, is a thing we call "clear for success," getting back to president Armstrong's comments so at a collegiate level, you know, high, high, high quality folks are in high demand. So why don't we put together a program that grabs kids in their underclass years, identifies folks that are interested in doing something like this, get them scholarships, have a job waiting for them that they're contracted for before they graduate, and when they graduate, they walk with an SCI clearance. We believe that can be done, so that's an example of ways in which public-private partnerships can happen to where you now have a talented kid ready to go on day one. We think those kinds of things can happen, it just gets back down to being focused on specific initiatives, giving them a chance and run as many pilot programs as you can, like pitch days. >> That's a great point, it's a good segue. Go ahead, President Armstrong. >> I just want to jump in and echo both the Bong and Steve's comments, but Steve that, you know, your point of, you know our graduates, we consider them ready day one, well they need to be ready day one and ready to go secure. We totally support that and love to follow up offline with you on that. That's exciting and needed, very much needed more of it, some of it's happening, but we certainly have been thinking a lot about that and making some plans. >> And that's a great example, a good segue. My next question is kind of re-imagining these workflows is kind of breaking down the old way and bringing in kind of the new way, accelerate all kinds of new things. There are creative ways to address this workforce issue and this is the next topic, how can we employ new creative solutions because let's face it, you know, it's not the days of get your engineering degree and go interview for a job and then get slotted in and get the intern, you know, the programs and you'd matriculate through the system. This is multiple disciplines, cybersecurity points at that. You could be smart in math and have a degree in anthropology and be one of the best cyber talents on the planet. So this is a new, new world, what are some creative approaches that's going to work for you? >> Alright, good job, one of the things, I think that's a challenge to us is, you know, somehow we got me working for, with the government, sexy right? You know, part of the challenge we have is attracting the right level of skill sets and personnel but, you know, we're competing, oftentimes, with the commercial side, the gaming industry as examples is a big deal. And those are the same talents we need to support a lot of the programs that we have in DOD. So somehow we have do a better job to Steve's point about making the work within DOD, within the government, something that they would be interested early on. So attract them early, you know, I could not talk about Cal Poly's challenge program that they were going to have in June inviting high school kids really excited about the whole idea of space and cyber security and so on. Those are some of the things that I think we have to do and continue to do over the course of the next several years. >> Awesome, any other creative approaches that you guys see working or might be an idea, or just to kind of stoke the ideation out there? Internships, obviously internships are known, but like, there's got to be new ways. >> Alright, I think you can take what Steve was talking about earlier, getting students in high school and aligning them sometimes at first internship, not just between the freshman and sophomore year, but before they enter Cal Poly per se and they're involved. So I think that's absolutely key, getting them involved in many other ways. We have an example of upskilling or work redevelopment here in the central coast, PG&E Diablo nuclear plant that is going to decommission in around 2024. And so we have a ongoing partnership to work and reposition those employees for the future. So that's, you know, engineering and beyond but think about that just in the manner that you were talking about. So the upskilling and reskilling, and I think that's where, you know, we were talking about that Purdue University, other California universities have been dealing with online programs before COVID, and now with COVID so many more Faculty were pushed into that area, there's going to be a much more going and talk about workforce development in upskilling and reskilling, the amount of training and education of our faculty across the country in virtual and delivery has been huge. So there's always a silver linings in the cloud. >> I want to get your guys' thoughts on one final question as we end the segment, and we've seen on the commercial side with cloud computing on these highly accelerated environments where, you know, SAS business model subscription, and that's on the business side, but one of the things that's clear in this trend is technology and people work together and technology augments the people components. So I'd love to get your thoughts as we look at a world now, we're living in COVID, and Cal Poly, you guys have remote learning right now, it's at the infancy, it's a whole new disruption, if you will, but also an opportunity enable new ways to encollaborate, So if you look at people and technology, can you guys share your view and vision on how communities can be developed, how these digital technologies and people can work together faster to get to the truth or make a discovery, hire, develop the workforce, these are opportunities, how do you guys view this new digital transformation? >> Well, I think there's huge opportunities and just what we're doing with this symposium, we're filming this on Monday and it's going to stream live and then the three of us, the four of us can participate and chat with participants while it's going on. That's amazing and I appreciate you, John, you bringing that to this symposium. I think there's more and more that we can do. From a Cal Poly perspective, with our pedagogy so, you know, linked to learn by doing in-person will always be important to us, but we see virtual, we see partnerships like this, can expand and enhance our ability and minimize the in-person time, decrease the time to degree, enhance graduation rate, eliminate opportunity gaps for students that don't have the same advantages. So I think the technological aspect of this is tremendous. Then on the upskilling and reskilling, where employees are all over, they can re be reached virtually, and then maybe they come to a location or really advanced technology allows them to get hands on virtually, or they come to that location and get it in a hybrid format. So I'm very excited about the future and what we can do, and it's going to be different with every university, with every partnership. It's one size does not fit all, There's so many possibilities, Bong, I can almost imagine that social network that has a verified, you know, secure clearance. I can jump in, and have a little cloak of secrecy and collaborate with the DOD possibly in the future. But these are the kind of crazy ideas that are needed, your thoughts on this whole digital transformation cross-pollination. >> I think technology is going to be revolutionary here, John, you know, we're focusing lately on what we call visual engineering to quicken the pace of the delivery capability to warfighter as an example, I think AI, Machine Language, all that's going to have a major play in how we operate in the future. We're embracing 5G technologies, and the ability for zero latency, more IOT, more automation of the supply chain, that sort of thing, I think the future ahead of us is very encouraging, I think it's going to do a lot for national defense, and certainly the security of the country. >> Steve, your final thoughts, space systems are systems, and they're connected to other systems that are connected to people, your thoughts on this digital transformation opportunity. >> Such a great question and such a fun, great challenge ahead of us. Echoing my colleagues sentiments, I would add to it, you know, a lot of this has, I think we should do some focusing on campaigning so that people can feel comfortable to include the Congress to do things a little bit differently. You know, we're not attuned to doing things fast, but the dramatic, you know, the way technology is just going like crazy right now, I think it ties back to, hoping to convince some of our senior leaders and what I call both sides of the Potomac river, that it's worth taking this gamble, we do need to take some of these things you know, in a very proactive way. And I'm very confident and excited and comfortable that this is going to be a great time ahead and all for the better. >> You know, I always think of myself when I talk about DC 'cause I'm not a lawyer and I'm not a political person, but I always say less lawyers, more techies than in Congress and Senate, so (laughter)I always get in trouble when I say that. Sorry, President Armstrong, go ahead. >> Yeah, no, just one other point and Steve's alluded to this and Bong did as well, I mean, we've got to be less risk averse in these partnerships, that doesn't mean reckless, but we have to be less risk averse. And also, as you talk about technology, I have to reflect on something that happened and you both talked a bit about Bill Britton and his impact on Cal Poly and what we're doing. But we were faced a few years ago of replacing traditional data, a data warehouse, data storage, data center and we partnered with AWS and thank goodness, we had that in progress and it enhanced our bandwidth on our campus before COVID hit, and with this partnership with the digital transformation hub, so there's a great example where we had that going. That's not something we could have started, "Oh COVID hit, let's flip that switch." And so we have to be proactive and we also have to not be risk-averse and do some things differently. That has really salvaged the experience for our students right now, as things are flowing well. We only have about 12% of our courses in person, those essential courses and I'm just grateful for those partnerships that I have talked about today. >> And it's a shining example of how being agile, continuous operations, these are themes that expand the space and the next workforce needs to be built. Gentlemen, thank you very much for sharing your insights, I know Bong, you're going to go into the defense side of space in your other sessions. Thank you gentlemen, for your time, for a great session, I appreciate it. >> Thank you. >> Thank you gentlemen. >> Thank you. >> Thank you. >> Thank you, thank you all. I'm John Furey with The Cube here in Palo Alto, California covering and hosting with Cal Poly, the Space and Cybersecurity Symposium 2020, thanks for watching. (bright atmospheric music)

(upbeat music) >> Okay, welcome to theCUBE everyone. This is a CUBE Conversation here in Palo Alto, California in the CUBE studios. I'm John Furrier, the co-founder of SiliconANGLE media, the host of the CUBE. I'm here with Yinglian Xie. She's the co-founder and CEO of data visor, entrepreneur, former Microsoft researcher. Thanks for joining me in CUBE conversation. >> My great pleasure to be here. >> So I'm excited to chat with you because you've got a really hot company, and a very hot space, but also as an entrepreneur, you're out competing against a huge wave of transformation. You've got big clouds out there, you've got IT enterprises moving to some sort of cloud operating model. You have global IOT market, huge security problem. You guys are trying to solve that with Data Visor, your company. So take me through the journey. First take a minute to explain what Data Visor is, and I want to ask you about how you got into this business, how it started. So what does Data Visor do, first give a one minute overview of the company. >> Sure, so Data Visor is a company that uses the AI machinery and big data, trying to detect and prevent a variety of fraud and abuse problems for all these consumer facing enterprises. So our mission is to really leverage these advance technology that you talk about in many of these, and to help these consumer facing enterprises to establish and restore trust to the end users like you and me, like every one of us. >> Yes, cyber security and security in general is a global issue. I mean, spear phishing is just so effective, you just come in and just send someone a LinkedIn message or an email, they click on a link and you're done. There's not much technology. People are struggling with this, but you guys have a unique approach that you taking with Data Visor so I want to dig into it. But first, how did it all start? When you started this company with your co-founder, did you just wake up one day and say, you know what we're going to go solve the security problems for the world. Where did the idea come from and how did it all start? >> So I would say it's probably, if you look at the background of me and my co-founder, it's probably the natural journey to it, because we actually came from a research and academia background. And me spending seven years of my post doc research in Silicon Valley before starting Data Visor, from there when we joined in 2006, actually it was where we kind of just see this parallel computing paradigm. Like Matt Purdue's paper just got published, and all the data is available, we have all these security problems and at that time we were partnering with a number of large consumer facing groups in Microsoft, and to see how we can use this big data to solve some of the challenges that they face in terms of for example the online fraud and abuse. And also we see the industry and was rapidly getting into the digital era where we have billions of users online, so everybody sees this unique challenge of, they have a variety of vulnerabilities they face, they're trying to bring more rich features to users. At the same time, they see new fraud are coming up also very rapidly. So everybody, when they see new fraud, they are trying to have point solutions. Where they say, let's just tackle this, but then afterwards there's another fraud, or another abuse coming up. >> Throw another tool at em. Build another tool. Buy another tool. >> Exactly. Kind of arms race, where they're being reactive, and catching in a cat and mouse game. So we decided, let's just come to see whether we build something different and leverage the AI machine learning, and then we see what this new cull computing, big data infrastructure can do. So let's build something a little bit more proactive, so that we've been in the security area for so long, that we feel something fundamental that can be a game changer. It's only when we don't make assumptions to see what kind of attacks we want to detect. But be a little bit more open to say, let's try to build something more robust, that can have the ability to automatically discover and detect these new type of unknown attacks more proactively. >> Yinglian, I want to talk about that point, about your time at Microsoft. At that time around 2006, I think it's notable because the environment of Microsoft scale was massive. They were powering, the browsers were everywhere, MSN, the online services that Microsoft had were certainly large scale, but they were built on what I would call gen one internet technology. Databases, big large scale. At the time there, the new entrants, Facebook, otherworlds, they were building all their own tech. So you had kind of the new entrant who had a clean sheet of paper, and they built their own large scale. And we know the history of that, those kinds of companies, that were natively at that time. That's the environment that Microsoft had, that a lot of customers today have. They have technologies that have been around, they have to transform very quickly. So when you learned about some of those data collection capabilities at scale of older technologies, and rushing to a new solution, this is a problem that a lot of end user enterprises have. CIOs, cloud architects, data architects, and they've been operating data warehouses for generations. Big fenced off databases, slow, big data lakes turning into swamps. So that's the current situation, how do you guys speak to that? Because this is the number one challenge we see. Is, I have all this data, I've got a data problem. I'm now full of data, I'm being taken advantage of with the fraud. Whether it's spear phishing or some other scams that are going on with email and all this stuff. How do you guys talk to that customer, that environment? >> You definitely very spot on the challenges and problems that we all face. So while we get into the digital era, everybody has this great sense of trying to collect data and story those data. So that has been, the amount of data we collect is tremendous nowadays. The next step everybody was looking at, the big challenge for us, is how to make value of these in a more effective way. And we also talk about a lot about the AI and machine learning, how they can transform some of the way we do things in the past. The analogy we know is how do we go from the manual driving cars to the self driving era of having all the automation intelligence, and making value out of this. So there are still a lot of challenges that you definitely touch upon. First of all, when they have the data there, does that mean we have the data, we have the data in a consistent, consolidated way. Many times, two different divisions, departments collecting data, they're still in silo mode. So how to bring the data together. And second is, we have the data, we have the computing power, how do we bring the algorithm that operate on top of that the framework to have a system that would let algorithm generating values. Like in the fraud detection space, be able to automatically process huge amount of data, and make decisions in real time. Instantly, detecting these new type of attacks. So we find that's a problem beyond the silo of just an IT problem, or just a data science problem, of just a business problem. So many times these three groups still sort of work separately, but in the end we needed the main knowledge, we need building a system, and we need good data architecture to solve them together. So that's where Datavisor is building a solution, the ecosystem to consider all of this. >> Okay, so let's talk about the ecosystem a little bit later. I want to get to the algorithm piece. That seems to be your secret sauce, right? The algorithms? Is that where the action is for you guys? The secret algorithms or is it setup in the environment first? It kind of makes sense, you've got to set the table first, get the data unified or addressable, and then apply software algorithms to them. That's where the AI comes. What's your secret sauce? >> Yeah, so that's a good question. A lot of our customers ask us the same question, is algorithm your secret sauce? And my answer is kind of partially yes, but also at the same time, not completely. Because we're all catching up very rapidly in algorithm, if you look at the new algorithm being published every year. There's a lot of great ideas out there, great algorithm there. So our unique algorithm is the differentiating technology is called unsupervised machine learning. So unsupervised means we don't need to require customers to have historical loss experience, or need to know the training labels of what past attacks look like. So to proactively discover new type of, unknown type attacks and automate it away. So that's what the algorithm part is, and it has its merit. >> And by the way, people want to know about this machine supervised and unsupervised machine learning, go Google search, there's some papers out there. But I think, most people know this, or might not know it, it's really hard to do unsupervised machine learning because supervised you just tell it what to look for, it finds it. Unsupervised is saying be ready for anything, basically. Oversimplifying. >> Exactly, unsupervised means we want it to make decisions without assumptions. And we want to be able to discover those patterns as the attackers evolve and be very adaptive. So that's definitely a great idea out there. I wouldn't say if you Google, like search unsupervised, and you would find in academia there are published articles about it.6 So I wouldn't say it's a completely new concept, it's a concept out there. >> It's been around for a while, but the compute is the value. Because now you have the computation accelerate all those calculations required that used to be stalling it, from 10 years ago. I mean it's been around for a couple decades. AI and machine learning, but it's been computation intensive. >> Very much so, very much so. So if you look at the gap where that keep the academia side of the world algorithm, to where it's working. It is something similar to deep learning requires a lot more computation complexity compared to the past algorithms. >> Yinglian, I've got to ask you, because this comes up and I'll skip back to the reality of the customer. Because I can geek out on this all day long, I love the conversation, and we should certainly do a follow up on Deep Dive with our team. But the reality is customers have been consolidating and outsourcing IT for generations. And just only few years ago did they wake up, and some woke up earlier than others and said, wow I have no intellectual property, I have no competitive advantage, my IT's all outsourced, I am getting killed with requests for top line revenue growth and I'm getting killed with security breaches, and where's my IT staff. So they don't have the luxury of just turning on a machine learning. Hey, give me some machine learning guys, and solve the problem. That's really hard to setup. You've got to kind of build a trajectory with economies of scale in IT. This is a huge problem. How do you work with companies that just say, look I got security problems but I don't have time or the capability to hire machine learning people, because that's an aspiration, that's not viable, not attainable. What do you say to the customers? Can you still work with those customers, are you a good fit for that kind of environment? Talk about that dynamic, because that seems to happen a lot. >> Yeah, so in that area, you really to bring a solution to solve their problem. Like us today, we have a lot of infrastructure capability, platforms where they can leverage. But you definitely talk about the challenge they face. They don't have people to leverage those underlying primitives and build something to immediately address their business challenges. >> Can you build it for them? >> That's where Datavisor is, to provide the platform and the service to the customers. Where we take data in, and tell them directly all the type of attacks they face, in real time. Constantly, all the time. >> I really want to get your opinion on something that I've been talking about publicly lately, and I've been interviewing folks in the industry about it, because if you look at the graphics market around AI, and nvidia has been doing very, very well. They broke into gaming, obviously is the vertical and using the graphics cards for block chain mining. Then nvidia kind of walked into these new markets because they had purpose built processor for floating point and graphic stuff that was very specialized but now becomes very popular. We're seeing the need for something around data, where you want to have agility, but you also want high performance. So people are making trade offs between agility and high performance and if you ask anyone they'll tell you that I'd love to have more performance in data. So there's no nvidia yet has come out and become the nvidia of data. There's no data processing unit out there yet. This is something that we see a need for. So what you're talking about here is customers have all these demands, it's almost like they need a data processing unit. >> What they need is a solution, like you said, when they have a business solution, they're not looking at something like a generic framework or generic paradigm. They're looking at something to tackle the specific need. For example when we talk about fraud prevention, we're talking about rebuilding a service, the ecosystem that combines the data element, combines the algorithm that address their problem right away. So that's where we talk about with your analogy with nvidia, they want something almost like that chip, directly solve their pain point. >> And that's what you guys are kind of doing, because let me see if I get this right. You guys have this kind of horizontal view of data, but you're going very vertically, and specializing on the vertical markets because that's where the need for the acute nature of the algorithms to be successful. Like say, financial services. Am I getting that right? So it's like horizontally scalable data, but very specialized purpose. >> Exactly. So horizontally scalable data, but then really mine the data and view the algorithms that optimize for the detection of these unknown type of fraud in this area. >> Because they're customized, I mean they have certain techniques that the financial guys will use to attack the banks, right? So you had to be really nimble and agile at the application. >> Right, so when we build the algorithm, we have in mind the specific application we need to target. So you don't want to be over general in the sense that it can do anything, but in the end it does nothing super, super well. So if we are solving that particular fraud detection problem, in the end it needs to be, everything needs to be optimized. The integration with data, the algorithm, the output, the integration with the customer, needs to be optimized for the scenario. In the long run, can it be even generalized. You talked about the agility, and the nimbleness to broaden out to other areas. Then they will say, we are taking approach I would love to see nvidia's approach gradually expanding to other verticals. That is something we are looking from the long term perspective. Our view is that we a layer above all the cloud computing, the data layer. We are the layer that is verticalize position and targeted to solve this specific business issues. And we want to do that really well. Solve that problem one at a time. And then leveraging that algorithm, the underlying infrastructure we built to see whether we can expand that to other verticals, other scenarios. >> So you don't get dependent upon the cloud players? You actually will draft off their success. >> So we leverage the cloud computing era aggressively. Who doesn't in this scenario? It definitely brings the scale, the agility, and the flexibility to expand. And there's a lot of great technology there. >> What do you think about the cloud players? When you look at multiple clouds and hybrid cloud is a trend happening right now. What's your opinion of how that's going? That comes up a lot. CIOs number one channel and cloud architects, and then data architects are all kind of working as the new personas we're seeing. How has the cloud and multi cloud or single cloud approach, for your customers, how do you see that evolving? Because we see trends where, for instance, the Department of Defense, probably going to go all in on Amazon. That's the single cloud solution, but it wasn't sourced as a single cloud. So it turns out that Amazon was better for that, versus spreading things around to multiple clouds. So there's a trade off, what's your thoughts on that as a technologist. >> Well you touched upon an interesting point, because actually, our position is multi cloud. Multi cloud as well as, we support even un-permissed deployment. I will talk about the reason why. The cloud is such a big space, and we see different players there. We definitely see different players, because of their historical working with different vendors, as well as their development you definitely see. Actually our position in this space was driven by the customer need. From that, what we saw is customers have these requirements of their favorite cloud environment. And then there's public cloud verses private cloud. We're not completely there to say there's one cloud that rules all. And you also see some very conservative areas, particularly financial services where their security is really their top priority, they're conservative. And from that perspective, they still are having un-permissed solutions. And we have to be considerate of all these different requirements. And also when we look at evolvement, we also see different geographic landscapes have different cloud deployment landscapes as well. And it's a dynamic environment. >> It's a new dynamic. >> It's a new dynamic. >> Especially the global component, the regions. >> Exactly, the regions. And the different regions, and we also have the GDPR, where does the data residence problem. So that also makes it also challenging to say, just deploy your solution on one type of cloud, that's a very rigid model. So definitely from very early days, we basically decide our data decision would be, we are going to support multi cloud very early on. >> And it makes sense, because people don't want to move a lot of data around. They're going to want to have data in multiple clouds, if that's where the app is. Latency in the threats around moving packets from point A to point B are a risk too. Not just latency, but hacks. Alright, great. I'm very impressed with your vision. I'm very impressed with what you guys are going. I think it's very relevant. Talk about the business. Where are you guys at in terms of customers, what kind of customers do you have, how many customers, can you talk about some of the metrics. How many customers you have, what kind of customers, what are they doing with you, what are the successes? Can you lay out some of the use cases? >> So we work with many of the largest enterprises in the world, and so the probably also the ones that face a lot of challenge of these large scale fraud at the same time they are the ones aggressively moving forward in adopting new technology solutions. They are a little bit more the early, pioneering, adopters. So our customer can be in three verticals, today. So we take a vertical approach. The first is those large social commerce, like Sector. And some of our customers, for example Yelp, Pinterest, kind of customers. And there is also the second vertical, is those mobile apps. There's a lot of fraudulence in stores, where these mobile apps are trying acquire users aggressively everywhere, but among the users acquired, those in stores there can be substantial amount that is fraudulent. So those are the separate segment we target. And the third segment, we talked about, and you mentioned the financial area, where traditionally people focus on the risk of control, the fraud detection definitely causes a big problem. Their challenge is when they move from the past existing era to the digital era, going online, and a lot of new attacks start coming up, and definitely a huge challenge problem for them as well. >> So you guys have some great funds, you have some great investors. NEA, New Enterprise Associates and sequoia capital. What's the growth plan for you? What's the goal for the company, what's your growth strategy? What's on your mind now? Hiring obviously, customer, what's the focus? What's the growth plan? >> So our focus is, we've been working with many of these large service providers. We mentioned our large enterprise customers. So globally today, we've already been protecting over a full billing end user accounts in total. So it's a lot of users at this moment, for our next step of growth and so we have two thoughts. A is we want to basically make the service even more scalable, and even more standardized in a sense that we can work with more than just the largest ones and be able to make it convenient, to be integrated with as many consumer facing providers. >> To expand the breadth. >> To expand the breadth, yes, of customers that we work with. The second aspect is, when looking at the fraud detection, we feel traditionally when the fraud market is segmented, we talk about when in the offline world, you would see financial sector fraud very different from somebody working on content. Nowadays, we can consolidate it, so in that area we're trying to build a more wholistic ecosystem. Where the device side of solutions and the analytical solutions can be consolidated together, to make it an ecosystem where we can have both sides of use and be able to provide to our customers different kind of needs. In the past, it was very point solutions. You would see data signal providers, then you would see some algorithm providers, and focusing on a specific type of fraud, and we wanted to make an ecosystem, so that, to your point in the past on the data, we will be able to connect the data, look at the use at account level and be able to detect a variety of types of fraud. As the enterprises are pushing out new features, and new flavors of these types. >> And the ecosystem participants will look like what? Ad networks, data services? Who is in the ecosystem that you want to build? >> Yeah, so that's a great question. In the ecosystem we talk about, for example, cull providers, can be an ecosystem basically. They actually power the computation layer, of all the resource there. We can also partner with data partners. That's another important element, so you're looking at technology data systems all integrated together. At the same time we can also look at the consulting firms that bring a bigger solution to the customers with the fraud being an important component that they want to address with system integrators. And so all these can fit together, and even some of the underlying algorithm solutions in the end can be plucked into the ecosystem to provide different aspects of use and make value out of data. So that different algorithms work together, and become defense area. >> It's like a security first strategy. First we had cloud first, data first, now security first. I mean, got to have the security. Well I really appreciate, we need more algorithms to police the algorithms. Algorithms for algorithms. So maybe that's next for you guys. Well with the business goal in mind we always take an open holistic view. I like you talking about security first, when we look at how to solve that problem more effectively, then we are very open minded to say, what is the best combinations we want to be three ultimately. And that's a single bit of real time, instant decision that is important at that time, because that matters with good users friction, they face whether we can be able to accurately detect attackers. So we are all optimizing for that, and then all the underlying data consolidation piece, the algorithm in combination working with each other, is just to make the barrier high, make it difficult for the attackers, and to make all of us good users easier. >> Well you're doing amazing things, and I think you're right. There's value in that data, new ways to use that data for better security is just the beginning of this new trend. Thanks for coming in and sharing your insights and congratulations on a great start up, and good luck to you and you co-founder. Thanks for sharing. >> Thank you, great to have this conversation. I'm here in theCUBE studios in Palo Alto, I'm John Furrier for CUBE Conversation with hot start up Data Visor Yinglian Xie CEO and co-founder. I'm John Furrier, thanks for watching. (bright music)

from Austin Texas it's the cube covering cube con and cloud native con 2017 brought to you by Red Hat the Lenox foundations and the cubes ecosystem partners hello everyone welcome to the cube live in Austin Texas for exclusive coverage of cloud native conference and cube con cube con with the linux foundation on john fourier co-founder silicon angle media tube Minutemen with ricky bond and also covering the developer community we just came off Amazon reinvent last week we're now in Austin Texas for a continuation of the Builder theme around this new generation of developers exclusive coverage of cloud native con and cube con or cube cons to cube con like kubernetes john byrne not to be confused with the cube of course when 2018 we're gonna do cube con right John yeah so cube con is coming to check for local listings around an area near you will be will be there stew what a great event I love this events one of my favorite events as you know personally for the cube audience out there and who know us I've been following us we've been growing up with this community we've been covering the Linux Foundation from the beginning if you go back to our roots around 2010 we've always been on the next wave whether it was big date of the converge infrastructure on the enterprise and then cloud the cube is always on the wave and then wave and we call that we were there when kubernetes was formed we were there with the principles JJ when and his team cuz Maddock with blue Tucker kind of brain so me hey we should do kubernetes and we said then kubernetes would be huge it would be the orchestration that would be the battleground in what we were at the time calling the middleware of the cloud turns out that was true that is happening huge change in the ecosystem as containerization with docker originally starting it and then the evolution of how software developers are voting with their workloads they're voting with their code and no better place than the Linux Foundation to your analysis obviously we're super excited but there's some dynamics going on there's a class of venture backed companies that I won't say are groping for a strategic position are certainly investing in open source but brings up the questions of the business model where's the value being created what is the right strategy do I do services do I have a different approach there's a lot of different opinions and if the customers choose wrong they could be on the wrong side of history as this massive wave of innovation with AI machine learning is impacting infrastructure and DevOps it's awesome we heard Netflix on stage let's do what's your take what's going on here cloud native cons yeah so so John I love you know Dan who were you know runs the CN CF gets out on stage and he says you know it's exciting time for boring infrastructure maybe maybe too exciting I even said you know we've been watching this wave of you know containerization and kubernetes and this whole CN CF ecosystem has really taken you know that container piece and exploded beyond this really talking about how I build for these cloud native environments you know there's 14 projects here kubernetes is the one that kicked it off but so many pieces of what's happening here john AWS last week phenomenal like 45,000 people a lot of the real builders the ones you know heavily involved in projects or like ah I actually might skip AWS come to come to coop con this coop con this is where you know so many people we've seen you know founders of companies working on so many projects you know large community you know great community focus I know you like Netflix up there talking about culture big diversity I think what was it 130 scholarships for people of diversity there so really phenomenal stuff you know this is where really that multi-cloud world is being built yeah and good points too because that's really the elephant in the room which is the prophets and the monetization of developer communities is not the primary but it's a big driver and how people are behaving and Amazon reinvent in this world are parallel universes you know it's interesting you don't see a lot of reinvent hoodies I wore mine last night got a couple dirty looks but this is you see a lot of Google you see a lot of Microsoft John John John we have Adrian Cockcroft was in the keynote this morning everybody's saying we're braising the databases here you don't think that's the case I think everyone does embrace it isn't number one isn't really no second place they're far back as I said at reinvent I still stand by that but you got big players okay dan cohen basically said on stage okay it's my projects products and profits and they're putting profits actually in the narrative because they're not shying away from soup but it's not a pay-to-play kind of ecosystem here it's like saying look at the visibility of the cloud has shine the light on the fact that there is an opportunity to create value of which value then can be translated to monetization and developers like to get paid no one likes that do things totally for free that is the scoreboard of value it's not just about chasing the dollar and I think I like how the CN CF is putting out the prophets saying look at this real value here in businesses is real value in products that come from these projects this is a new era and open source I think that's legit again pay-to-play is a completely different animal yeah vendors come in control the standards pay pay pay not anymore Brendan burns told me last year Microsoft no pay to play Microsoft's got a big platform they're gonna come in and make things happen ok so John the money thing is a big question I have coming into this week dan talked up on stage there's certified service providers for kubernetes and there's certified kubernetes partners 42 certified kubernetes partners for the most part kubernetes has been commoditized today that certification doesn't mean that hundred-percent everything works but it definitely over a you know short period of time it will be means that I if I choose any platform that uses kubernetes that certified I can move from one to the other it doesn't mean that I'm actually going to make money selling kubernetes it's that that's part of the platform or services that arm offering and it is an enabler and you know that's what's a little different you think about you know John we try for years OpenStack thought we were gonna make money on it how we're gonna make money even go back to Linux you know it's what can be built using this set of tools so people have said this is really rebuilding the analytics for the cloud environment but money is kind of its derivative off of it it's an enabler to are there great software it brilliants dude this is the bottom line here it's the tale of two stories in the industry okay this in the backdrop is this and if prices are an IT specifically in development teams platforms are shifting big time the old is an old guard as Andy Jackson said the invest in a new guard the dynamics are containerization drove megatrend number one that turbocharged the cloud infrastructure and gave developers some freedom micro-services then take it to another level what it's actually done has changed at two theaters in the industry theater one is the vendors that are getting funded that participants in open source work trying to create value and then what I would call the rest of the market there is an onboarding a tsunami of new developers coming in I'm seeing in the in theater one all the people that we know in the industry and then I'm seeing new faces these are people who are going to the light the light is the monetization and that's the value creation so you seeing people here for the first time you're seeing developers who have a clear line of sight that this community creates value so that's two dynamics so that the companies that got a hundred million dollars in funding from venture capitals they're trying to figure out can they take advantage of that wave of new developers there's been an in migration into cloud native of new developers and these are the ones they're going to be creating the value the creativity the solutions and certainly the cultural impact from those solutions will be great I see a great opportunity if people just don't get scared and just hold the line keep your hitting value it'll figure itself out so the evolution is natural and that is something I'm interesting to see okay and John the thing I'm looking for this week first of all when we talked about containers we talked about this whole cloud native environment that boring infrastructure stuff it still matters networking has matured a little bit there's the CNI initiative the cloud native I'm sorry container networking interface which is approaching one auto they're getting feedback here second one is storage most of the these solutions we really started talking about stateless environments state absolutely has to be a piece of this how do we fit you know you know data AI ml all these things data is critically critically important so that needs to be there and then the new technology that you know we spent a lot of time talking about at AWS that was serverless and there's actually like a half day track here at this show talking about how all of these solutions how serverless fits into them there was a question does serverless replace the because I don't need to think about it really a lot of the same tooling a lot of these usage will fit into those server lists frameworks so it's not in either/or but really more of an an environment but definitely something that we expect to hear more of this we've done we've got a phenomenal lineup I'm super excited did you know some of these builders that we've got you know big players we've got startups we've got authors we've got a good diverse audience coming on the cube so and you know I know near and dear to your heart you know lots of developer talk a lot of their over talks do this is a fun time the commoditization of kubernetes is actually a good thing in my mind I think there will be a lot of value to be created and this really is about multi cloud you mentioned all three of the major clouds and now Maurice are all a bob on stage just in China you got a lot more growth you're seeing that kubernetes really is an opportunity for Google and Microsoft and the rest of the community to run as fast as they can to create services so that customers can have a choice choice is the new black that's what's going on and multi-cloud not yet here but certainly on the horizon and if Google and Azure do not establish a mike-mike multi cloud environment Amazon could run away with it that's my that's my tag that's my visibility on it the bottom line is whoever can creates the value so what I'm gonna look for is the impact of the continued kubernetes kinda monetization and the new formations do the new relationships the existing players like red hat are going to continue to kick ass you're gonna start to see new players come in you can expect to see new partnerships because the stack is being developed very fast smooth announcements for me theists flew and deke container D Windows support coming with 1.9 kubernetes what's happening is they're running as fast as they can they're pedaling as fast as they can because if they do not they will be blown away that's the cube coverage here kicking off day one I'm John Purdue minimun exciting times here at cloud native and cube on back after this short break

>> Announcer: Live from San Francisco, it's theCube, covering Spark Summit 2017, brought to you by Databricks. >> Welcome back to theCube at Spark Summit 2017. I don't know about you, George, I'm having a great time learning from all of our attendees. >> We've been absorbing now for almost two days. >> Yeah, well, and we're about to absorb a little bit more here, too, because the next guest, I looking forward to, I saw his name on the schedule, all right, that's the guy who talks about herding cats, it's John Cavanaugh, Master Architect from HP. John, welcome to the show. >> Great, thanks for being here. >> Well, I did see, I don't know if it's about cats in the Internet, but either cats or self-driving cars, one of the two in analogies. But talk to us about your session. Why did you call it Herding Cats, and is that related to maybe the organization at HP? >> Yeah, there's a lot of organizational dynamics as part of our migration at Spark. HP is a very distributed organization, and it has had a lot of distributed autonomy, so, you know, trying to get centralized activity is often a little challenging. You guys have often heard, you know, I am from the government, I'm here to help. That's often the kind of shields-up response you will get from folks, so we got a lot of dynamics in terms of trying to bring these distributed organizations on board to a new common platform, and a allay many of the fears that they had with making any kind of a change. >> So, are you centered at a specific division? >> So, yes, I'm the print platforms and future technology group. You know, there's two large business segments with HP. There's our personal systems group that produces everything from phones to business PCs to high-end gaming. But I'm in the printing group, and while many people are very familiar with your standard desktop printer, you know, the printers we sell really vary from a very small product we call Sprocket, it fits in your hand, battery-operated, to literally a web press that's bigger than your house and prints at hundreds of feet per minute. So, it's a very wide product line, and it has a lot of data collection. >> David: Do you have 3D printing as well? >> We do have 3D printing as well. That's an emergent area for us. I'm not super familiar with that. I'm mostly on the 2D side, but that's a very exciting space as well. >> So tell me about what kind of projects that you're working on that do require that kind of cross-team or cross-departmental cooperation. >> So, you know, in my talk, I talked about the Wild West Era of Big Data, and that was prior to 2015, and we had a lot of groups that were standing up all kinds of different big data infrastructures. And part of this stems from the fact that we were part of HP at the time, and we could buy servers and racks of servers at cost. Storage was cheap, all these things, so they sprouted up everywhere. And, around 2015, everybody started realizing, oh my God, this is completely fragmented. How do we pull things back together? And that's when a lot of groups started trying to develop platformish types of activities, and that's where we knew we needed to go, but there was even some disagreement from different groups, how do we move forward. So, there's been a lot of good work within HP in terms of creating a virtual community, and Spark really kind of caught on pretty quickly. Many people were really tired of kind of Hadoop. There were a lot of very opinionated models in Hadoop, where Spark opens up a lot more into the data science community. So, that went really well, and we made a big push into AWS for much of our cloud activities, and we really ended up then pretty quickly with Databricks as an enterprise partner for us. >> And so, George, you've done a lot of research. I'm sure you talked to enterprise companies along the way. Is this a common issue with big enterprises? >> Well, for most big data projects they've started, the ones we hear a lot about is there's a mandate from the CIO, we need a big data strategy, and so some of those, in the past, stand up five or 10-node Hadoop cluster and run some sort of pilot and say, this is our strategy. But is sounds like you herded a lot of cats... >> We had dozens of those small Hadoop clusters all around the company. (laughter) >> So, how did you go about converting that energy, that excess energy towards something more harmonized around Databricks? >> Well, a lot of people started recognizing we had a problem, and this really wasn't going to scale, and we really needed to come up with a broader way to share things across the organization. So, the timing was really right, and a lot of people were beginning to understand that. And, you know, we said for us, probably about five different kind of key decisions we ended up making. And part of the whole strategy was to empower the businesses. As I have mentioned, we are a very distributed organization, so, you can't really dictate the businesses. The businesses really need the owners' success. And one of the decisions that was made, it might be kind of controversial for many CIOs, is that we've made a big push on cloud-hosted and business-owned, not IT-owned. And one of the real big reasons for that is we were no longer viewing data and big data as kind of a business-intelligence activity or a standardized reporting activity. We really knew that, to be successful moving forward, is needed to be built into our products and services, and those products and services are managed by the businesses. So, it can't be something that would be tossed off to an IT organization. >> So that the IT organization, then, evolved into being more of an innovative entity versus a reactive or supportive entity for all those different distributing groups. >> Well, in our regard, we've ended up with AWS as part of our activity, and, really, much of our big data activities are driven by the businesses. The connections we have with IT are more related to CRM and product data master sheets and selling in channels and all that information. >> But if you take a bunch of business-led projects and then try and centralize some aspect of them, wouldn't IT typically become the sort of shared infrastructure architecture advisor for that, and then the businesses now have a harmonized platform on which they can build shared data sets? >> Actually, in our case, that's what we did. We had a lot of our businesses that already had significant services hosted in AWS. And those were very much part of the high-data generators. So, it became a very natural evolution to continue with some of our AWS relationships and continue on to Databricks. So, as an organization today, we have three kind of main buckets for our Databricks, but, you know, any business, they can get their accounts. We try and encourage everything to get into a data link, and that's three, and Parquet formats, one of the decisions that was adapted. And then, from there, people can begin to move. You know, you can get notebooks, you can share notebooks, you can look at those things. You know, the beauty of Databricks and AWS is instant on. If I want to play around with something with a half a dozen nodes, it's great. If I need a thousand for a workload, boom, I've got it! I know, kind of others, then, with this cost and the value returned, there's really no need for permissions or coordination with other entities, and that's kind of what we wanted the businesses to have that autonomy to drive their business success. >> But, does there not to be some central value added in the way of, say, data curation through a catalog or something like that? >> Yes, so, this is not necessarily a model where all the businesses are doing all kinds of crazy things. One of the things that we shepherded by one of our CTOs and the other functions, we ended up creating a virtual community within HP. This kind of started off with a lot of "tribal elders" or "tribal leaders." With this virtual community, today we get together every two weeks, and we have presentations and discussions on all things from data science into machine learning, and that's where a lot of this activity around how do we get better at sharing. And this is fostered, kind of splinters off for additional activity. So we have one on data telemetry within our organization. We're trying to standardize more data formats and schemas for those so we can have more broader sharing. So, these things have been occurring more organically as part of a developer enablement kind of moving up rather than more of kind of dictates moving down. >> That's interesting. Potentially, really important, when you say, you're trying to standardize some of the telemetry, what are you instrumenting. Is it just all the infrastructure or is it some of the products that HP makes? >> It's definitely the products and the software. You know, like I said, we manage a huge spectrum of print products, and my apologies if I'm focusing on it, but that is what I know the best. You know, we've actually been doing telemetry and analysis since the late 90s. You know, we wanted to understand use of supplies and usage so we could do our own forecasting, and that's really, really grown over the years. You know, now, we have parts of our services organization management services, where they're offering big data analytics as part of the package, and we provide information about predictive failure of parts. And that's going to be really valuable for some of our business partners that allows them. We have all kinds fancy algorithms that we work on. The customers have specific routes that they go for servicing, and we may be able to tell them, hey, in a certain time period, we think these devices in your field so you can coordinate your route to hit those on an efficient route rather than having to make a single truck roll for one repair, and do that before a customer experiences a problem. So, it's been kind of a great example of different ways that big data can impact the business. >> You know, I think Ali mentioned in the keynote this morning about the example of a customer getting a notification that their ink's going to run out, and the chance that you get to touch that customer and get them to respond and buy, you could make millions of dollar difference, right? Let's talk about some of the business outcomes and the impact that some of your workers have done, and what it means, really, to the business. >> Right now, we're trying to migrate a lot of legacy stuff, and you know, that's kind of boring. (laughs) It's just a lot of work, but there are things that need to happen. But there's really the power of the big data platform has been really great with Databricks. I know, John Landry, one of our CTOs, he's in the personal systems group. He had a great example on some problems they had with batteries and laptops, and, you know, they have a whole bunch of analytics. They've been monitoring batteries, and they found a collection of batteries that experienced very early failure rates. I happen to be able to narrow it down to specific lots from a specific supplier, and they were able to reach out to customers to get those batteries replaced before they died. >> So, a mini-recall instead of a massive PR failure. (laughs) >> You know, it was really focused on, you know, customers didn't even know they were going to have a problem with these batteries, that they were going to die early. You know, you got to them ahead of time, told them we knew this was going to be a problem and try to help them. I mean, what a great experience for a customer. (laughs) That's just great. >> So, once you had this telemetry, and it sounds like a bunch of shared repositories, not one intergalactic one. What were some of the other use cases like, you know, like the battery predictive failure type scenarios. >> So, you know, we have some very large gaps, or not gaps, with different categories. We have clearly consumer products. You know, you sell millions and millions of those, and we have little bit of telemetry with those. I think we want to understand failures and ink levels and some of these other things. But, on our commercial web presses, these very large devices, these are very sensitive. These things are down, they have a big problem. So, these things are generating all kinds of data. All right, we have systems on a premise with customers that are alerting them to potential failures, and there's more and more activity going on there to understand predictive failure and predictive kind of tolerance slippages. I'm not super familiar with that business, but I know some guys that they've started introducing more sensors into products, specifically so they can get more data, to understand things. You know, slight variations in tensioning and paper, you know, these things that are running hundreds of feet per minute can have a large impact. So, I think that's really where we see more and more of the value coming from is being able to return that value back to the customer, not just help us make better decisions, but to get that back to the customer. You know, we're talking about expanding more customer-facing analytics in these cases, or we'll expose to customers some of the raw data, and they can build their own dashboards. Some of these industries have traditionally been very analog, so this move to digital web process and this mountain of data is a little new for them, but HP can bring a lot to the table in terms of our experience in computing and big data to help them with their businesses. >> All right, great stuff. And we just got a minute to go before we're done. I have two questions for you, the first is an easy yes/no question. >> John: Okay. >> Is Purdue going to repeat as Big 10 champ in basketball? >> Oh, you know, I don't know. (laughs) I hope so! >> We both went to Purdue. >> I'm more focused on the Warriors winning. (laughter) >> All right, go Warriors! And, the real question is, what surprised you the most? This is your first Spark Summit. What surprised you the most about the event? >> So, you know, you see a lot of Internet-born companies, and it's amazing how many people have just gone fully native with Spark all over the place, and it's a beautiful thing to see. You know, in larger enterprises, that transition doesn't happen like that. I'm kind of jealous. (laughter) We have a lot more things slug through, but the excitement here and all the things that people are working on, you know, you can only see so many tracks. I'm going to have to spend two days when I get back, just watching the videos on all of the tracks I couldn't attend. >> All right, Internet-born companies versus the big enterprise. Good luck herding those cats, and thank you for sharing your story with us today and talking a little bit about the culture there at HP. >> John: Thank you very much. >> And thank you all for watching this segment of theCube. Stay with us, we're still covering Spark Summit 2017. This is Day Two, and we're not done yet. We'll see you in a few minutes. (theCube jingle)