(light music) >> Welcome to this session at the Amazon EC2 15th birthday event. I'm your host, Lisa Martin. I'm joined by Elaine Harvey, director and technical advisor at AWS. Elaine, welcome to the program. It's great to see you. >> Thank you, Lisa. I'm really glad to be here. >> So here we are celebrating EC2's 15th birthday, probably back in the day, so many customers and many industries couldn't imagine how they would be using the service. Talk to me about how long you've been involved in EC2 and some of the growth and the maturation of the service that you've seen. >> Yeah, I mean, I joined EC2 about eight years ago and it was big then, but much smaller than it is now. And it's grown in so many directions, both in the scale, the instances that we offer, as well as the types of instances, the various types of hardware effectively that we offer for customers to support their workload. It's just grown in so many dimensions. It's really exciting. >> I see here 80 availability zones. 25 regions, local zones in Boston, Dallas, Denver, Houston, Miami, Philadelphia, and nine new locals zones coming just this year. Talk to me a little bit about that. >> So really, what we are trying to do is get compute where customers needed. So we've already had these presences around the world. And with this expansion, we're trying to bring the EC2 offering to customers with much lower latency. And that's why we're doing local zones, regions, availability zones in so many places. So customers can have that compute with low latency to help them interact with their customers. >> I know since its inception, AWS has always been so customer centric, it's always day one there, but prior to joining AWS, as you said, eight years ago, you were involved in a number of startups. One of the things that we consistently hear is how instrumental EC2 has been in reinventing the startup space. What can you tell me about that involvement that it's had? >> Yeah, I mean, the great thing was, I was an EC2 customer before I worked at EC2. So I had been in the startup community for almost 25 years before joining Amazon. And I had been through that life cycle of a startup where you begin, you need some capacity, you need some computers to run your stuff on and eventually you reach a size and you have to go figure out all the hard work. Where am I going to put them? Do I need a data center? What kind of network connectivity do I need? And not only that, you have to invest a lot of money, which startups very rarely have in the early days into buying the equipment you need, just so you could run your business. Do the thing you're really trying to do for your customer. EC2 is a game changer. So I started using EC2 at one of the startups I was at before coming here. Actually I had two prior startups before coming to EC2. And the ability to just get capacity when you needed it, you didn't have to go buy computers. You didn't have to have data center contracts. You just said, I need a hundred of these. And suddenly you had a hundred of the instance you were asking for, completely game changing, especially for a startup where you just don't have that capital to invest. And frankly, you don't want to spend your time dealing with data centers when that's not your business, your business is to serve your customers. >> And I can't imagine the last year and a half, we've seen such acceleration of digital business transformation, how startups and enterprises alike would have fared without having the ability to quickly turn on services like EC2 in this time. >> Yeah, yeah. It was just amazing. During COVID times, we definitely saw that rush of everybody trying to go online companies that had been already starting down that path, going online, scaling more. And suddenly it went from zero to 100 in March and everybody had to go online and it was super exciting to be part of EC2 and be able to enable everybody in the world to do that. >> Incredible amount of acceleration, but also maturation and growth in the whole portfolio of AWS. We've talked about that a number of times on The Cube in the last six or eight months or so, you mentioned nine new availability zones coming in 2021. You've been involved in the regional and the local zone build out. Talk to me about how these regional zones, these availability zones are helping enterprises to run their businesses and applications worldwide with the high availability that their customers are demanding. >> Yeah, yeah. So there's the book the location aspect. So we do need to be worldwide because our customers are worldwide. So we need to be where they need to be. And so that's how we think about the growth of our regions and availability zones and now local zones with lower latency to end customers. There's another aspect to availability zones and regions that is super important for our customers availability, foundationally we treat those as fault zones. So their fault boundaries beyond which customers will not experience faults. So for example, the fundamental way that we think about designing our services isolates faults between regions and between availability zones and customers can use that in their designs such that they'll have a Multi AZ behavior and we contain faults along those boundaries so they can design with that in mind, and their applications can be fault tolerant, relying on those foundational fault domains effectively. >> That's even becoming more and more important as consumers become more and more demanding that services are just available. And you can get anything with the click of a link on your phone. That high availability is really no longer a nice to have what EC2 is delivering, it's table stakes for an organization I can imagine in any industry. >> Absolutely, absolutely. Our customers totally rely on that so that they can serve their customers consistently and reliably. >> It's a tremendous amount of growth Elaine, in the first 15 years, you said you've been with EC2 on this side now working for it for eight years, but had a lot of experience with it before when it was probably in its infancy as a startup customer. What are some of the things that excite you most about the direction in which EC2 is going? >> Yeah, I think we are steadily providing more and more flexibility to our customers. So we are providing them with new instance types to suit their particular workloads. So we're getting more into a variety of offerings that customers can use to achieve the outcomes they want. That's exciting. I think probably the thing that excites me the most though, is the work we're doing around custom silicon. So our Graviton, Inferentia, Trainium chips where we are building custom silicon for a number of reasons. A big factor of that is we are giving our customers the ability to have a much better ROI on compute to cost for their workload. So we're trying to make it more and more cost efficient for our customers to do what they want. The thing that really excites me about it, though, I'll tell you the secret thing that excites me about it is not very well known, but Graviton is not only cost to compute higher efficiency, but it is also power to compute higher efficiency. So it's a greener option. So if a customer for a given workload wanted to reduce their carbon footprint, they can move to Graviton and it consumes substantially less power for the same workload. And that makes me really excited. >> That is exciting and something that I think everybody can wrap their heads around. I was reading something about EC2 and Graviton paving the way for another important initiative, and that's telecommunications, some of the big news, that Dish Network is coming out saying we're going to be building our 5g core network on AWS. A lot of work going on there in telecommunications. >> Yeah. Yeah. That's very exciting. And in line with our overall strategy to get much closer to the end customers, again, to reduce that latency, whether those customers are on a 5g network or on the internet, what we want the ability for our customers to be able to provide compute and their applications wherever their customers are. >> Well Elaine, thank you so much for joining me on the EC2 15th birthday event. A lot of innovation has gone on in the first 15 years. We know what you're excited about and I'm sure, can't even imagine what the next five, 10 or 15 years will hold for EC2, its services and the customers that it delights. We thank you for joining us today. >> Thanks so much, Lisa. >> Elaine Harvey, I Lisa Martin, thanks for watching today's session. (light music)

(soft electronic music) >> Welcome to this session of the Amazon EC2 15th Birthday Event. I'm your host, Lisa Martin. I'm joined by Joshua Burgin, General Manager of AWS Outposts at AWS. Joshua, welcome back to the program. Thank you, it's great to be here again. >> So 15th birthday, a tremendous amount has gone on in the last 15 years, but I want to understand what brought you to AWS? What excited you about cloud and EC2, in particular? >> Yeah, I mean, that's a, it's a great question and it's kind of a fun story. I actually worked at Amazon back in the 90s for three years as a software engineer when I don't think anybody you asked back then would have said that cloud was in our future. And so I'd kind of obviously kept in touch with people over the years and I was working at a customer who, interestingly enough, had moved off of AWS thinking that they could build a better cloud. And then of course, over the years, found out that it's actually quite difficult and was in process of moving back to AWS. And so I reconnected with some of the senior leaders who I was still friendly with and they said, you know, come back in, the water's fine, there's still a lot of opportunity. And it's, it's really been true, right? There's been just a tremendous amount of growth in the last seven years that I've been back and obviously, over the last 15 years for EC2, in general. >> Well, this 15th birthday not only marks a big milestone for AWS, but also for the cloud computing world that it serves globally. Talk to me a little bit about the impact over the last seven years you've been there and 15 years of EC2's life. >> Well, I mean, we've really been transforming every industry that you could possibly imagine as everyone's had to develop a plan to move to the cloud to take advantage of the opportunities for innovation, for cost efficiency, for developer efficiency, for operational improvements. And so EC2 was one of the foundational services inside of AWS and, you know, a lot of things are built on top of it, and so it's been really great to work with all of these different customers in financial services, in Telco, in gaming, you know, healthcare, you name it, all around the world. >> So 15 years ago, EC2 obviously started quite small. Can you talk to us about some of the early trends that are emerging from the hybrid space? >> Yeah, I mean, we're fond of saying here that it's still day one and that's very true for the outposts and the hybrid business, in general, at AWS. The early trends, if I had to kind of bundle them together, would be that first of all, people are operating in more places than they ever thought they would have to. These are big customers, manufacturing, Telco, healthcare, public sector customers, people in gaming, they serve customers around the world. That's a trend that's kind of, irregardless of industry, that's what we're seeing. And so of course, having an outpost available everywhere, we're up to 60 countries now, having local zones in many countries which we hope is our longterm plan, having wavelength zones with lots of partners, you know, that's why we're doing those things 'cause customers are telling us that we need to operate everywhere. It's actually the reason we went from one availability zone or excuse me, three availability zones in one region 15 years ago, to 25 regions in 80 availability zones. And of course, hybrid is building on top of that. The other thing we're seeing, you know, real specifically for hybrid is low latency, local data processing, and data residency. Across every industry, those are the needs that are driving people to adopt hybrid technology and they're the ones pushing us forward here, at AWS to innovate on their behalf. >> Talk to me about some of the innovation in the last few years alone, that customers are helping drive where those regulations are becoming more and more critical. We're seeing more importance on security and ensuring that customer data is secure, protected, but also accessible. >> Yeah, absolutely, I mean, we're fond of saying at AWS that security is job zero. You know, we take it incredibly seriously, even though, of course, it's a shared responsibility model where we secure the underlying infrastructure and then provide tooling and services on top of that for customers to create the level of security that's appropriate for their application. Obviously, a government workload or a banking workload is different than a mobile game, even of course as customer data needs to be secured in all situations. So with outposts and with local zones, what we're giving people the ability to do is ensure that their compute and their storage are in whatever country or municipality or city or state that they need them to be. So you could take something as diverse as a bank or a healthcare company where they might need to have that compute and storage literally in a specific facility because of regulations, or in a specific state, you know, that's kind of happening around the world. You also see something you might not have thought about, but customer is in the iGaming space, so that's mobile betting. Tipico and FanDuel are a couple of early examples of those for outposts where as it becomes legal, at least in more states in the United States and more places in Europe, the regulations are requiring that the cloud computing, if they want to use it, is placed in a specific place. So the only way you can do that is either, of course, if we had a region everywhere, which we don't, or if you have something like outposts, otherwise you'd be forced to revert to like a bare metal solution and kind of take on all that heavy burden yourself. Your developers would be less efficient because they'd be using AWS in one place and bare metal kind of hardware somewhere else. So, you know, it's still really early, but I've been pleased to kind of see that kind of adoption across those diverse industries. >> It is really early, as you said. The philosophy at Amazon AWS is it's day one. Give me some feedback from customers now where, you know, we, we see a lot of different reports that suggest where businesses are, enterprises are in terms of cloud adoption. What are some of the things that you're seeing where you really think hybrid is going to be an absolute game changer? >> Yeah, I mean, one example that comes to mind is Telco which is one of the biggest industries with the smallest amount of cloud adoption to date. And so I think a lot of that was driven by specific requirements in that industry that required on-prem components for that ultra low latency. You can imagine they needed the compute and the storage to be at the cell site or distributed around the United States or other countries. And so that's where you have examples now with Dish Networks where we just announced a strategic partnership with them. They're going to be using this combination of the new small form factor outposts that we're releasing later this year. They're about the size of a pizza box or a couple of pizza boxes. They're also going to be using our network of local zones that we're building out, 15 of them across the United States, and they'll be using our regions for workloads that are, of course, less latency sensitive, and that can kind of be run centrally. So it's really kind of one of the best examples I can think of where people that were held back by the technology, by the offerings are now enabled to move really quickly. And so I think you're going to see a lot in that space and other industries where before they had to kind of not move to the cloud because a portion of their workload needed to remain on-prem, and now we're delivering a continuum of offerings, including, you know, to the very smallest locations. >> Let's look forward into the next decade. As barriers to adoption are being removed daily, you mentioned Dish Network. I saw that they're going to build their 5G, their core 5G network on AWS. That's huge, that's a big signal for the telecommunications industry. But what are some of the things that you think we're going to be able to open this book and there will maybe a crystal ball in the next decade can expect. >> Yeah, I mean, if I had a crystal ball, my roadmap would be perfect. >> Wouldn't it? >> It would be, it would be great. So if anybody's offering one of those I'm, I'm taking. But what I think you'll see is that, that the day one metaphor is going to continue. As big as AWS has become, and I think we're really proud of the accomplishments and innovation we've delivered for customers over the last 15 years, as I mentioned, we started with one instance type and one region, and now we have over 400 instance types in EC2. That's a lot of choice for people and that's just EC2, right? We have another 185 or 200 services these days, I can barely keep up with them which is exciting in its own right. And so the reason is that we're doing all that innovation is that customers are telling us what they want and a lot of that is, although they're driven to move to the cloud and they really want to move there quickly, somewhere between 75 and 90% of technology spending is still in the traditional hardware-software space. So again, I'd like you to think about that. 15 years in, you know, at the run rate that we're at, and obviously with other people in this space, there's still so much more to go that has already moved to the cloud. So I think you'll see more new instance types, more locations, more form factors, you know, from Outpost and us using Outpost to deliver infrastructure like local zones and wavelength which are built on top of Outposts, and so we don't force people to pick and choose between moving to the cloud and running the kinds of workloads they're already running. We want to be driven by the customer not force them into a narrow way of working that we think is best. That's probably the hallmark of AWS is giving people the choice. They can use EC2 and manage their own databases, they can use RDS or one of our, you know, 14 purpose-built databases, depending on what their application needs. And that's true across the board. Storage, compute, machine learning, container services, hybrid offerings, of course, which I manage for the AWS business, we're going to continue to do that. So the choice is going to proliferate, the performance is going to continue to improve, we're going to continue to bring down pricing and increase price for performance, and we're going to hopefully make things easier and more cost-effective for people, whether that's for their developers or their finance people, so that they can innovate on behalf of their customers versus handling all that undifferentiated muck and heavy lifting of managing the infrastructure themselves. >> That customer centricity has always been key to AWS. Just some of what you said, I think we can expect to see a ton more from AWS, announcements, customer-driven choices for customers. Joshua, thank you for joining me today. Happy 15th birthday to Amazon EC2. >> Thank you so much for having me. It's great to be here. >> For Joshua Burgin, I'm Lisa Martin. You're watching theCUBE. (soft electronic music)

(upbeat rhythmic music) >> Everyone, I'm John Furrier with theCUBE here at Palo Alto on a remote interview for a special video interview. The EC2 15th birthday party celebration event. Raj Pai, who's the Vice President of EC2 Product Management AWS is here with me. Congratulations on Amazon Web Services, EC2 with the compute. What a journey. 15 years old. Soon we got the keys to the car at a couple more years. So Raj, great to see you. You guys have been doing great work. Congratulations. >> Thank you. It's great being here. It's super exciting for me too. I can't believe it's 15 years and you know that big, we're still at the very beginning as you know, that we often say. >> The building blocks that have been there from the beginning really set the table, and it's just been fun to watch the innovation on behalf of customers that you guys have done at AWS and more, and for entrepreneurs and for developers, it just continues to be great and the edge is right on the corner. Wavelength, all the great stuff. But let's talk about the specific topic here that I really want to drill into is that as you look at the 15th year and birthday for EC2, okay? You're looking at the future as well. You're looking at the past, present and future. And one of the things that's most compelling about recent re-invent was the Graviton performance numbers are amazing. You guys have been building custom silicon for a while. You also worked with Intel and AMD. What is it about? What's the huge investment for you guys? Where do you started to see some returns? Are you seeing returns? And then why did AWS decide to build its own processors? >> Yeah, now, that's a really good question. And I mean, like with everything else we do in AWS, it's all about innovating on behalf of our customers. And one of the things our customers are telling us, that they continue to tell us is they want to see better performance at lower prices. And we've been able to deliver that with our hardware partners for the last 15 years. But as we've understood the workloads that run on EC2 and AWS, we saw an opportunity. Like, what if we were going to go and design our own processor that was really optimized for the sort of workload that customers run on the Cloud? And make design decisions when designing the CPU and the system and the chip around the CPU that does things like bring a lot more core local cache and speed up the parts of the operations that really benefit real-world workload. So, this isn't about benchmarks. It's about how do real world workloads perform and how do we build systems that optimize that performance? And with Graviton, we were able to hit the nail on the head. We were also very pleasantly surprised when we got our first chips off the line. And we're seeing that a customer, like about 40% performance improvement at significantly lower cost. And that's super exciting. And that's one of the reasons we're getting so much interest from our customers. >> I got to say as a geek and a tech nerd, I love the silicon development. And there's benefits there, also the performance is there. The thing that also is pretty obvious that's happening is and the world seeing it is the shift towards ARM-based computing. What kinds of customers and use cases are you seeing adopt to Graviton? And what kind of workloads were they running on? What are the things that surprise you guys, that didn't surprise me. Did you guys always talk about the upcheck and how everyone's leveraging it? What are some of the examples? Take us through some of the customers, use cases, workloads. What's surprising you and what's going on with Graviton? >> Yes, so I think that the biggest surprise for us is how broadly applicable it's been. So one of the things we did, we launched with reinvent is like we have different form factors of compute. We have memory-optimized instances that are good for databases and in memory caches. We have compute optimized for HPC and workloads that really take advantage of the performance of the chip and then we have general purpose workloads. And we we introduced Graviton variants of all those instance families And we're actually seeing the same sort of performance benefits across workload. So, and it's one of the reasons why companies like Metrol, and Snap and SmugMug, they move one workload over, they see the performance benefit and before you know it, they're starting to move workloads and mass over across kind of that spectrum. So, I think that's one of the biggest surprises is that Graviton seems to do well across a wide range and we're going to keep on introducing it more and more of instance families, because we've seen this uptick well. >> You're seeing a lot of people move to the Graviton. You mentioned a few of those early adopters who were pushing the envelope, and they're always kind of trotted out there as examples at reinvent, which is always fun to see what they're working on next. And now is that people see the Graviton2 instances, okay, the architecture's different, higher performance. How much effort do our customers typically need to move to Graviton2 instances? And what are some of the benefits they're seeing on performance and price performance? Can you talk about that transition? Because that's natural evolution for them. >> Yeah. It's actually a lot less than they originally think. So, some of the hardest effort is just getting them over the line to try it. So, one of the things that we tell our customers who are considering Graviton is it just takes one or two developers take one workload and go off for a couple of weeks and just try reporting it to Graviton. And more often than not, they come back to us in four or five days. They're like, it works. And we just had to do some testing and verification, but we were able to afford it because, you know, the operating system support was there, the ISP support was there and the tools that they use, and they're using most cases, modern programming languages like Python or Go or Java or PhD where, you know, interpret the language and it just run. And so there's very little lift in comparison to what people think it's going to be. And that's one of the reasons that, you know, one of the big announcements we made in the last few weeks is what we're calling the Graviton challenge, right? So it's a set of blueprints for customers to essentially have best practices on how to in four days take, you know, a piece of code and piece of that workload and execute it and run it and migrate it to the Graviton. And we're seeing a lot of interest in that as people in the community realize how easy that actually is. >> What are some of the cool price performance things that are emerging? Obviously it makes sense if you don't really need it, don't pay for it, but you have that option. A lot of people are going there. Is there a wave you see coming that Graviton2 is going to be really set up for that you kind of see some early signals coming in, Raj? Because, I can see the 64 bit. I can see where Graviton fits today. Obviously, performance is key. Is it certain things that are emerging? What's the main problems that it solves? >> Well, I think anything that's a multi-threaded architecture is going to do really well in Graviton because of the, we have really densely packed 64 course. And so you're going to see things like microservices and containers and workloads that are more, that are able to take advantage of that parallel execution do really, really well. And so, we say 40% performance improvement, but like, when our customers have gone and tried this, they've seen upwards of 50% depending on the workload. So yeah, it's going to be more your multi-threaded application. There's some applications that may not be a fit, like it can give a legacy, you know, for example, like, there's some software that hasn't yet been moved over and we're going to continue to invest super heavily in our whole ecosystem of hardware, for the longterm. So I think that because there's a great option and we just encourage them to try it. And then they'll learn from their experience what works and what doesn't. >> Wow. 15th birthday. Still growing up and it's starting to get more mature. You're the VP of Product Management. You have the keys to the kingdom. So, you have wide-ranging responsibilities. Share with us if you can. I know that you really can't say much, but try to give a little bit of teaser. You got Wavelength. I can see the dots connecting at the edge. You got Outposts, so we see all that emerging. I can almost imagine that this is going to get stronger. What should people think about? Where's the headroom for EC2 with Graviton and Graviton2? >> Yeah, I know. I think like, a new architect (mumbles) yourself. But like, our goal is to have AWS kind of everywhere our customers are. And that means the full power of AWS. So, I think you're going to see more and more of us having EC2 in compute capacity, wherever customers need it. That could be in an Outpost. That could be on their 5G network. That could be in a city right next to them, right? And you're going to see us continue to offer the variety, the selection of instances and platforms in all those locations as well. So, I think the key for us is to be ubiquitous and have compute power everywhere our customers need it, in the form factors they need it. >> That's awesome. Congratulations. I love the power. You can't go wrong with sending computers where the data is, where the customers are. AWS, Amazon Web Services. Building their own custom silicon with Graviton2 processors. This is EC2 continuing to grow up. Raj Pai, Vice President of EC2 Product Management. Thank you for coming on and sharing the update and congratulations on the 15th birthday to EC2. >> Yeah, thanks for having me. It's been great. Have a great Friday. >> All right. Great. I'm Jeffrey with theCUBE. You're watching theCUBE coverage of EC2's 15th birthday event. Thanks for watching. (soft rhythmic music)

>>Mhm >>Welcome to the cube where we're celebrating the EC 2/15 birthday anniversary. My name is Dave Volonte and we're joined right now by Sandy carter, Vice President of AWS. Welcome Sandy, it's great to see you again, >>David. So great to see you too. Thanks for having me on the show today. >>Very welcome. We were last physically together. I think it was reinvent 2019. Hopefully I'll see you before 2022. But first happy birthday to EC two. I mean, it's hard to imagine back in 2006, the degree to which EC two would impact our industry. Sandy, >>I totally agree. You know, I joined a W S about 4.5 years ago in EC two and it's, it's even amazing to see what's just happened in the last 4.5 years. So I'm with you. Nobody really expected the momentum, but EC two has really shone brightly in value to our customers. >>You know, we've done the public sector summit, you know, many times. It's a great event. Things are a little different in public sector as you well know. So talk about the public sector momentum with EC two and that journey. What have you seen? >>Yeah, so it's a great question day. So I had to go back in the time vault. You know, public sector was founded in 2010 and we were actually founded by the amazon process writing a paper setting up a two pizza team, which happened to be six people. And that journey really started with a lot of our public sector customers thinking that we don't know about the cloud. So we might want to do a pilot or just look at non mission critical workloads now public sector and I know you know this day but public sector is more than just government, it has education, not for profit healthcare and now space. But everybody at that time was very skeptical. So we had to really work hard to migrate some workloads over. And one of our very first non mission critical workloads was the U. S. Navy. Um and what they did was the Navy Media Services actually moved images over to EC two. Now today that seems like oh that's pretty easy. But back then that was a big monumental reference. Um and we had to spend a lot of time on training and education to win the hearts and souls of our customers. So back then we had half of the floor and Herndon Washington, we just had a few people and that room really became a training room. We trained our reps, we trained our customers um research drive. A lot of our early adopters accounts like Nasa and jpl. And um then when cloud first came out and governments that started with the U. S. A. And we announced Govcloud, you know, things really picked up, we had migration of significant workloads. So if you think back to that S. A. P. And just moving media over um with the Navy, the Navy and S. A. P. Migrated their largest S A P E R P solution to the cloud in that time as well. Um, then we started international. Our journey continued with the UK International was UK and us was us. Then we added a P. J. And latin America and Canada. And then of course the partner team which you know, is very close to my heart. Partners today are about 73% of our overall public sector business. And it started out with some interesting small pro program SVS being very crucial to that, accelerating adoption. And then of course now the journey has continued with Covid. That has really accelerated that movement to the cloud. And we're seeing, you know, use of ec two to really help us drive by the cute power needed for A I N. M. L. And taking all that data in from IOT and computing that data. And are they are. Um, and we're really seeing that journey just continue and we see no end in sight. >>So if we can stay in the infancy and sort of the adolescent years of public sector, I mean, remember, I mean as analysts, we were really excited about, you know, the the the introduction of of of of EC two. But but there was a lot of skepticism in whatever industry, financial services, healthcare concerns about security, I presume it was similar in public sector, but I'm interested in how you you dealt with those challenges, how you you listen to folks, you know, how did you drive that leadership to where it is today? >>Yeah, you're right. The the first questions were what is the cloud? Doesn't amazon sell books? What is this clown thing? Um, what is easy to, what is easy to stand for and then what the heck is an instance? You know, way back when there was one instance, it didn't even have a name. And today of course we have over 400 instant types with different names for each one. Um and the big challenges you asked about challenges, the big challenges that we had to face. Dave were first and foremost, how do we educate? Um we had to educate our employees and then we had to educate our customers. So we created these really innovative hands on training programmes, white boarding um, sessions that we needed. They were wildly popular. So we really have to do that and then also prove security as you know. So you asked how we listen to our customers and of course we followed the amazon way we work backwards from where we were. So at that time, customers needed education. And so we started there um, data was really important. We needed to make customer or data for government more available as well. So for instance, we first started hosting the Census Bureau for instance. Um and that was all on EC two. So we had lots of early adopters and I think the early adopters around EC two really helped us to remember. I said that the UK was our international office for a while. So we had NIH we had a genomes project and the UK Ministry of Justice as well. And we had to prove security out. We had to prove how this drove a structured GovCloud and then we had to also prove it out with our partners with things like helping them get fed ramped or other certifications. I'll for that sort of thing as well. And so we really lead in those early days through that education and training. Um we lead with pilots to show the potential of the possible and we lead with that security setting those security standards and those compliance certifications, always listening to the customer, always listening to the partner, knowing how important the partners we're going to be. So for example, recovery dot gov was the first government wide system that moved to the cloud. Um the recovery transparency board was first overseeing that Recovery act spending, which included stimulus tracking website. I don't know if you remember that, but they hosted the recovery dot gov On amazon.com using EC two. And that site quickly made information available to a million visitors per hour and at that time, that was amazing. And the cost savings were significant. We also launched Govcloud. You'd asked about GovCloud earlier and that federal cloud computing strategy when the U. S. Government came out with cloud first and they had to consider what is really going to compel these federal agencies to consider cloud. They had Public-sector customers had 70 requirements for security and safety of the data that we came out with Govcloud to open up all those great opportunities. And I think Dave we continue to leave because we are customer obsessed uh you know, still supporting more security standards and compliance sort than any other provider. Um You know, now we lead with data not just data for census or images for the US Navy, but we've got now data in space and ground station and data at scale with customers like Finra who's now doing 100 billion financial transactions. Not just that one million from the early days. So it has been a heck of a ride for public sector and I love the way that the public sector team really used and leveraged the leadership principles. Re invent and simplify dive deep. Be obsessed with the customers start where they are. Um and make sure that you're always always always listening to what they need. >>You know, it's interesting just observing public sector. It's not uncommon, especially because of the certifications that some of the services, you know come out after they come out for the commercial sector. And I remember years ago when I was at I. D. C. I was kind of the steward of the public sector business. And that was a time when everybody was trying to focus in public sector on commercial off the shelf software. That was the big thing. And they want to understand, they wanted to look at commercial use cases and how they could apply them to government. And when I dug in a little bit and met with generals and like eight different agencies, I was struck by how many really smart people and the things that they were doing. And I said at the time, you know, a lot of my commercial clients could learn a lot from you. And so the reason I bring that up is because I saw the same thing with Govcloud because there was a lot of skepticism in various industries, particularly regulated industries, financial services, healthcare. And then when Govcloud hit and the CIA deal hit, people said, whoa CIA, they're like the most security conscious industry or organization in the world. And so I feel as though in a way public sector led that that breakthrough. So I'm wondering when you think about EC two today and the momentum that it has in the government, Are there similar things that you see? Where's the momentum today in public sector? >>You are right on target day? I mean that CIA was a monumental moment and that momentum with ever increasing adoption to the cloud has continued in public sector. In fact today, public sector is one of our fastest growing areas. So we've got um, you know, thousands of startups or multiple countries that were helping out today to really ignite that innovation. We have over 4000 government agencies, 9000 education agencies. Um 2000 public sector partners from all over the globe. 24,000 not for profit organizations. And what I see is the way that they're using EC two um is is leading the pack now, especially after Covid, you know, many of these folks accelerated their journey because of Covid. They got to the cloud faster and now they are doing some really things that no one else is doing like sending an outpost postbox into space or leveraging, you know robots and health care for sure. So that momentum continues today and I love that you were the champion of that you know way back when even when you were with I. D. C. >>So I want to ask you, you sort of touched on some interesting use cases, what are some of the more unusual ones and maybe breakthrough use cases that you see? >>Oh so yeah we have a couple. So one is um I mentioned it earlier but there is a robot now that is powered by IOT and EC two and the robot helps to take temperature and and readings for folks that are entering the hospital in latin America really helped during Covid, one of my favorites. It actually blew the socks off of verne or two and you know that's hard to do is a space startup called lunar outpost and they are synthesizing oxygen on mars now that's, that's driven by Ec two. That's crazy. Right? Um, we see state governments like new york, they've got this vision zero traffic and they're leveraging that to prevent accidents all through new york city. I used to live in new york city. So this is really needed. Um, and it continues like with education, we see university of Illinois and Splunk one of our partners, they created a boarding pass for students to get back to school. So I have a daughter in college. Um, and you know, it's really hard for her to prove that she's had the vaccine or that she's tested negative on the covid test. They came out with a past of this little boarding pass, just like you used to get on an airplane to get into different classes and labs and then a couple of my favorites and you guys actually filmed the Cherokee nation. So the Cherokee nation, the chief of the Cherokee nation was on our silicon um show and silicon angles show and the cube featured them And as the chief talked about how he preserves the Cherokee language. And if you remember the Cherokee language has been used to help out the US in many different ways and Presidio. One of our partners helped to create a game, a super cool game that links in with unity To help teach that next generation the language while they're playing a game and then last but not least axle three d out of the UK. Um, they're using easy to, to save lives. They've created a three D imaging process for people getting ready to get kidney transplants and they have just enhanced that taken the time frame down for months. Now today's that they can actually articulate whether the kidney transplant will work. And when I talked to roger their Ceo, they're doing R. O. L return on life's not return on investment. So those are just some of the unusual and breakthrough use cases that we see powered by E. C. To >>Sandy. I'll give you the last word. Your final closing comments. >>Well, my final closing comments are happy birthday to ec two celebrating 15 years. What a game changer and value added. It has been the early days of Ec two. Of course we're about education like what is the cloud? Why is a bookseller doing it. But um, easy to really help to create a new hub of value Now. We've got customers moving so fast with modernization using a I. M and M. L. Containers survivalists. Um, and all of these things are really changing the game and leveling it up as we increased that business connection. So I think the future is really bright. We've only just begun. We've only just begun with EC two and we've only just begun with public sector. You know, our next great moments are still left to come. >>Well, Sandy, thanks so much. Always Great to see you. Really appreciate your time. >>Thank you so much. Dave. I really appreciate it. And happy birthday again to E. C. To keep >>It right there were celebrating Ec 2's 15th birthday right back. >>Mhm.